SCREENING OF FLUORESCENT RHIZOBACTERIA FOR THE BIOCONTROL OF SOILBORNE PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Palavras-chave:
In vitro antagonism. Rhizoctonia solani. Sclerotium rolfsii. Plant growth promoting bacteria.Resumo
The biocontrol of soilborne plant pathogens represents a promising approach from the environmental and practical points of view. Fluorescent pseudomonad rhizobacteria are well known by their antagonistic capacity towards several plant pathogens due to a diversity of antimicrobial metabolites they produce. This study was conceived to select and characterize rhizobacteria having antagonistic potential towards the pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. A total of 94 bacterial strains isolated from the rhizospheres of four vegetable species under organic cultivation were evaluated. Twenty-two strains which predominate in lettuce and rudbeckia rhizospheres showed identical biochemical profiles to Pseudomonas fluorescens, while in kale and parsley rhizospheres identical profiles to Pseudomonas putida (subgroups A and B) strains prevailed. Two types of antagonism were verified in vitro and defined as competition and inhibition of mycelial growth. Sixty percent of the evaluated strains showed antagonistic potential and, among those, 24 strains expressed antagonism to both target fungi, with P. fluorescens being the most representative bacterial species. This work clearly identified a number of strains with potential for use as plant growth-promoting and biocontrol of the two soilborne fungal pathogens in vegetable crops production systems.Downloads
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Referências
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AMORIM, E. P. R.; MELO, I. S. Ação antagônica de rizobactérias contra Phytophthora Parasitica E P. Citrophthora e seu efeito no desenvolvimento de plântulas de citros. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v. 24, n. 2, p. 565-568, 2002.
BENEDUZI, A.; AMBROSINI, A.; PASSAGLIA, L. M. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Their potential as antagonists and biocontrol agents. Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto, v. 35, n. 4, p. 1044-1051, 2012.
BERG, G.; SMALLA, K. Plant species and soil type cooperatively shape the structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Amsterdam, v. 68, n. 1, p. 1-13, 2009.
BERG, G. et al. Endophytic and ectophytic potato-associated bacterial communities differ in structure and antagonistic function against plant pathogenic fungi. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Amsterdam, v. 51, n. 2, p. 215–229, 2005.
BERG, G. et al. Plant-dependent genotypic and phenotypic diversity of antagonistic rhizobacteria isolated from different Verticillium host plants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Washington, v. 68, n. 7, p. 3328-3338, 2002.
BORRERO, C. et al. Tomato Fusarium wilt suppressiveness. The relationship between the organic plant growth media and their microbial communities as characterised by Biology. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Oxford, v. 38, n. 7, p. 1631-1637, 2006.
CHOUDHARY, D. K.; PRAKASH, W. A. V.; JOHRI, B. N. Insights of the fluorescent pseudomonads in plant growth regulation. Current Science, Bangalore, v. 97, n. 2, p. 170-179, 2009.
COMPANT, S. et al. Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: Principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Washington, v. 71, n. 9, p. 4951-4959, 2005.
DING, C. et al. Evaluation of rhizosphere bacteria and derived bio-organic fertilizers as potential biocontrol agents against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia Solanacearum) of potato. Plant and Soil, Amsterdam, v. 366, n. 1, p. 453-466, 2013.
HAAS, D.; DEFAGO, G. Biological control of soil-borne pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonads. Nature Reviews Microbiology, London, v. 3, n. 4, p. 307-319, 2005.
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LATOUR, X. et al. The composition of fluorescent pseudomonads populations associated with roots is influenced by plant and soil type. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Washington, v. 62, n. 7, p. 2449-2456, 1996.
LUGTENBERG, B.; KAMILOVA, F. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology, Palo Alto, v. 63, n. 16, p. 541-56, 2009.
NEVES, M. C. P. et al. Sistema integrado de produção agroecológica ou fazendinha agroecológica do Km 47. In: AQUINO, A. M. de; ASSIS, R. L. de, (Ed.) Agroecologia: princípios e técnicas para uma agricultura orgânica sustentável. Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2005. cap. 5, p. 147-172.
PALLERONI, N. J. Genus I. Pseudomonas migula. In: Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. KRIEG, N.R.; HOLT, J. G. (ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1984. p.141-199.
PASIANI, J. O. et al. Knowledge, attitudes, practices and biomonitoring of farmers and residents exposed to pesticides in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Basel, v. 9, n. 9, p. 3051-3068, 2012.
PINTON, R. et al. Morphocultural characterization, autoinducer biosynthesis and biofilm formation in rhizobacteria isolated from vegetable crops. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, v. 45, n. 9, p. 284-293, 2010.
RAAIJMAKERS, J. M. et al. The rhizosphere: A playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. Plant and Soil, Amsterdam, v. 321, n. 1-2, p. 341–361, 2009.
STRIGUL, N. S.; KRAVCHENKO, L. V. Mathematical modeling of PGPR inoculation into the rhizosphere. Environmental Modelling and Software, London, v. 21,n. 8, p. 1158-1171, 2006.
ZAGO, V. C. P.; DE-POLLI, H.; RUMJANEK, N. G. Pseudomonas fluorescentes associadas à cultura de couve: Influência da adubação. Revista Caatinga, Mossoró, v. 24, n. 3, p. 20-27, 2011.
AGRIOS, G. N. Plant pathology. 5.ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2005. 907 p.
ALTIERI, M. A. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, Amsterdam, v. 74, n. 1, p. 19-31, 1999.
AMORIM, E. P. R.; MELO, I. S. Ação antagônica de rizobactérias contra Phytophthora Parasitica E P. Citrophthora e seu efeito no desenvolvimento de plântulas de citros. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v. 24, n. 2, p. 565-568, 2002.
BENEDUZI, A.; AMBROSINI, A.; PASSAGLIA, L. M. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Their potential as antagonists and biocontrol agents. Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto, v. 35, n. 4, p. 1044-1051, 2012.
BERG, G.; SMALLA, K. Plant species and soil type cooperatively shape the structure and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Amsterdam, v. 68, n. 1, p. 1-13, 2009.
BERG, G. et al. Endophytic and ectophytic potato-associated bacterial communities differ in structure and antagonistic function against plant pathogenic fungi. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Amsterdam, v. 51, n. 2, p. 215–229, 2005.
BERG, G. et al. Plant-dependent genotypic and phenotypic diversity of antagonistic rhizobacteria isolated from different Verticillium host plants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Washington, v. 68, n. 7, p. 3328-3338, 2002.
BORRERO, C. et al. Tomato Fusarium wilt suppressiveness. The relationship between the organic plant growth media and their microbial communities as characterised by Biology. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Oxford, v. 38, n. 7, p. 1631-1637, 2006.
CHOUDHARY, D. K.; PRAKASH, W. A. V.; JOHRI, B. N. Insights of the fluorescent pseudomonads in plant growth regulation. Current Science, Bangalore, v. 97, n. 2, p. 170-179, 2009.
COMPANT, S. et al. Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria for biocontrol of plant diseases: Principles, mechanisms of action, and future prospects. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Washington, v. 71, n. 9, p. 4951-4959, 2005.
DING, C. et al. Evaluation of rhizosphere bacteria and derived bio-organic fertilizers as potential biocontrol agents against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia Solanacearum) of potato. Plant and Soil, Amsterdam, v. 366, n. 1, p. 453-466, 2013.
HAAS, D.; DEFAGO, G. Biological control of soil-borne pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonads. Nature Reviews Microbiology, London, v. 3, n. 4, p. 307-319, 2005.
KING, E. O.; WARD, M. K.; RANEY, D. E. Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescein. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Washington, v. 44, n. 2, p . 301-307, 1954.
LATOUR, X. et al. The composition of fluorescent pseudomonads populations associated with roots is influenced by plant and soil type. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Washington, v. 62, n. 7, p. 2449-2456, 1996.
LUGTENBERG, B.; KAMILOVA, F. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology, Palo Alto, v. 63, n. 16, p. 541-56, 2009.
NEVES, M. C. P. et al. Sistema integrado de produção agroecológica ou fazendinha agroecológica do Km 47. In: AQUINO, A. M. de; ASSIS, R. L. de, (Ed.) Agroecologia: princípios e técnicas para uma agricultura orgânica sustentável. Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2005. cap. 5, p. 147-172.
PALLERONI, N. J. Genus I. Pseudomonas migula. In: Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. KRIEG, N.R.; HOLT, J. G. (ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1984. p.141-199.
PASIANI, J. O. et al. Knowledge, attitudes, practices and biomonitoring of farmers and residents exposed to pesticides in Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Basel, v. 9, n. 9, p. 3051-3068, 2012.
PINTON, R. et al. Morphocultural characterization, autoinducer biosynthesis and biofilm formation in rhizobacteria isolated from vegetable crops. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, v. 45, n. 9, p. 284-293, 2010.
RAAIJMAKERS, J. M. et al. The rhizosphere: A playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. Plant and Soil, Amsterdam, v. 321, n. 1-2, p. 341–361, 2009.
STRIGUL, N. S.; KRAVCHENKO, L. V. Mathematical modeling of PGPR inoculation into the rhizosphere. Environmental Modelling and Software, London, v. 21,n. 8, p. 1158-1171, 2006.
ZAGO, V. C. P.; DE-POLLI, H.; RUMJANEK, N. G. Pseudomonas fluorescentes associadas à cultura de couve: Influência da adubação. Revista Caatinga, Mossoró, v. 24, n. 3, p. 20-27, 2011.
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28-06-2014
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