DORMANCY RELEASING MECHANISMS IN SOIL SEED BANKS OF Desmanthus GENOTYPES
Palavras-chave:
Donkey bean. Bush fire. Strophiole. Seedcoat dormancy.Resumo
Desmanthus is a genus of forage legumes with potential to improve pastures and livestock production on clay soils of dry tropical and subtropical regions such as the existing in Brazil and Australia. Despite this patterns of natural or enforced after-ripening of Desmanthus seeds have not been well established. Four year old seed banks of nine Desmanthus genotypes at James Cook University were accessed for their patterns of seed softening in response to a range of temperatures. Persistent seed banks were found to exist under all of the studied genotypes. The largest seeds banks were found in the genotypes CPI 78373 and CPI 78382 and the smallest in the genotypes CPI’s 37143, 67643, and 83563. An increase in the percentage of softened seeds was correlated with higher temperatures, in two patterns of response: in some accessions seeds were not significantly affected by temperatures below 80º C; and in others, seeds become soft when temperature rose to as little as 60 ºC. At 80 °C the heat started to depress germination. High seed production of Desmanthus associated with dependence of seeds on elevated temperatures to softening can be a very important strategy for plants to survive in dry tropical regions.Downloads
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Referências
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CLIMATE DATA ONLINE.Australian Government.Bureau of Metereology, 2005. Available at <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/>. Accessed in 25 August 2014.
COOK, B. G. et al. Desmanthus virgathus. In:Tropical Forages: an interactive selection tool., [CD-ROM], CSIRO, DPI&F(Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane, Australia, 2005.
DEHAAN, L. R., et al. Evaluation of diversity among and within accesses of Illinois bunderflower. Crop Science, v. 43, n. 4, p. 1528-1537, 2003.
FUNES, G; VERNIER, P. Dormancy and germination in three Acacia (Fabaceae) from Central Argentina.Seed Science Research, Cambridge, v. 16, n. 1, p. 77-82, 2006.
GARDINER, C. P. et al. Desmanthus – a new pasture legume for the dry tropics. Proceeding of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, September 26 – Oct. 1, 2004, Brisbane, Australia, [CD-ROM]. Also available at: <http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/5/2/573_gardinerc.htm> Accessed in 25 August 2014.
GRESTA, F. et al.The effect of fire on the dormancy break of three annual legume seeds. Italian Journal of Agronomy, Pavia, v. 6, n. 26, p. 8-11, 2011.
HERRANZ, J. M et al. Influence of heat on seed germination of seven Mediterranean Leguminosae species. Plant Ecology, v. 136, n.1, p. 95-103, 1998.
HOPKINSON, J. M. The strophiole of leguminous seeds. News letter of The International Herbage Seed Production Research Group, Nottingham, v. 18, sn, p. 7-8, 1993a.
HOPKINSON, J. M. Tropical pasture establishment. 2. Seed characteristics and field establishment. Tropical Grasslands, Ipswich, v. 27, n. 4, p. 276-290, 1993b.
HOPKINSON, J. M.; ENGLISH B. H. Germination and hardseededness in Desmanthus. Tropical Grasslands, Ipswich, v. 38, n. 1, p. 1-16, 2004.
ISBELL, R. F. The Australian Soil Classification: Revised Edition (electronic resource). Melbourne: CSIRO PUBLISHING, 2002.
JACQUEMYN, H. et al. Management effects on the vegetation and soil seed bank of calcareous grasslands: An 11-year experiment. Biological Conservation, v. 144, p. 416–422, 2011.
LEIST, N.; KRÄMER, S. ISTA Working Sheets on Tetrazolium Testing, Volume II, 1st Edition, VOL. 2, Threes and Shrub species, 2003.
MICHAEL, P. J. et al. Climatic regulation of seed dormancy and emergence of diverse Malva parviflora population from a Mediterranean-type environment. Seed Science Research, Nottingham, v. 16, n. 4, p. 273-281, 2006.
MOREIRA B, PAUSAS, J. G. Tanned or Burned: The Role of Fire in Shaping Physical Seed Dormancy. PLOS ONE, v. 7, n.12: e51523. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051523, 2012.
OOI, M. K. J. et al. Projected soil temperature increase seed dormancy response along an altitudinal gradient: implications for seedbank persistence under climate change. Plant and Soil, New York, v. 353, n. 1-2, p. 289-303, 2012.
ORSCHEG, C. K., ENRIGHT, N. J. Patterns of seed longevity and dormancy in obligate seeding legumes of box-ironbark forests south-eastern Australia. Austral Ecology, Windsor, v. 36, n. 2, p. 185-194, 2011.
RANGEL, J. H. A.; GARDINER, C. P. Stimulation of wool growth by Desmanthus spp as a supplement to a diet of Mitchell grass hay. Tropical Grassland, Ipswich, v. 43, n. 2, p. 106-111, 2009.
SOUZA, F. H. D.; MARCOS-FILHO, J. The seed coat as a modulator of seed-environment relationships in Fabaceae. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, São Paulo, v. 24, n. 4, p. 365-375, 2001.
SOUZA, J. A. et al. Natural seed coat provide protection against penetration by Callosobruchus maculatas (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) larvae. Crop Protection, Cambridge, v. 30, n. 6, p. 651-657, 2011.
SUNE, A. D.; FRANKE, L. B. Superação de dormência e metodologia para teste de germinação em Trifolium riograndense Bukart e Desmanthus depressus Humb. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, Londrina, v. 28, n. 3, p. 29-36, 2006.
VERNIER, P. et al. Survival and germination of three hard-seeded Acacia species after simulated cattle ingestion: The importance of the seed coat structure. South African Journal of Botany, Johannesburg, v. 79, sn, p. 19-24, 2012.
VOLL, E. et al. Amostragem do banco de sementes e flora emergente de plantas daninhas. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, v. 36, n. 2, p. 211-218, 2003.
CLIMATE DATA ONLINE.Australian Government.Bureau of Metereology, 2005. Available at <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/>. Accessed in 25 August 2014.
COOK, B. G. et al. Desmanthus virgathus. In:Tropical Forages: an interactive selection tool., [CD-ROM], CSIRO, DPI&F(Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane, Australia, 2005.
DEHAAN, L. R., et al. Evaluation of diversity among and within accesses of Illinois bunderflower. Crop Science, v. 43, n. 4, p. 1528-1537, 2003.
FUNES, G; VERNIER, P. Dormancy and germination in three Acacia (Fabaceae) from Central Argentina.Seed Science Research, Cambridge, v. 16, n. 1, p. 77-82, 2006.
GARDINER, C. P. et al. Desmanthus – a new pasture legume for the dry tropics. Proceeding of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, September 26 – Oct. 1, 2004, Brisbane, Australia, [CD-ROM]. Also available at: <http://www.cropscience.org.au/icsc2004/poster/5/2/573_gardinerc.htm> Accessed in 25 August 2014.
GRESTA, F. et al.The effect of fire on the dormancy break of three annual legume seeds. Italian Journal of Agronomy, Pavia, v. 6, n. 26, p. 8-11, 2011.
HERRANZ, J. M et al. Influence of heat on seed germination of seven Mediterranean Leguminosae species. Plant Ecology, v. 136, n.1, p. 95-103, 1998.
HOPKINSON, J. M. The strophiole of leguminous seeds. News letter of The International Herbage Seed Production Research Group, Nottingham, v. 18, sn, p. 7-8, 1993a.
HOPKINSON, J. M. Tropical pasture establishment. 2. Seed characteristics and field establishment. Tropical Grasslands, Ipswich, v. 27, n. 4, p. 276-290, 1993b.
HOPKINSON, J. M.; ENGLISH B. H. Germination and hardseededness in Desmanthus. Tropical Grasslands, Ipswich, v. 38, n. 1, p. 1-16, 2004.
ISBELL, R. F. The Australian Soil Classification: Revised Edition (electronic resource). Melbourne: CSIRO PUBLISHING, 2002.
JACQUEMYN, H. et al. Management effects on the vegetation and soil seed bank of calcareous grasslands: An 11-year experiment. Biological Conservation, v. 144, p. 416–422, 2011.
LEIST, N.; KRÄMER, S. ISTA Working Sheets on Tetrazolium Testing, Volume II, 1st Edition, VOL. 2, Threes and Shrub species, 2003.
MICHAEL, P. J. et al. Climatic regulation of seed dormancy and emergence of diverse Malva parviflora population from a Mediterranean-type environment. Seed Science Research, Nottingham, v. 16, n. 4, p. 273-281, 2006.
MOREIRA B, PAUSAS, J. G. Tanned or Burned: The Role of Fire in Shaping Physical Seed Dormancy. PLOS ONE, v. 7, n.12: e51523. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051523, 2012.
OOI, M. K. J. et al. Projected soil temperature increase seed dormancy response along an altitudinal gradient: implications for seedbank persistence under climate change. Plant and Soil, New York, v. 353, n. 1-2, p. 289-303, 2012.
ORSCHEG, C. K., ENRIGHT, N. J. Patterns of seed longevity and dormancy in obligate seeding legumes of box-ironbark forests south-eastern Australia. Austral Ecology, Windsor, v. 36, n. 2, p. 185-194, 2011.
RANGEL, J. H. A.; GARDINER, C. P. Stimulation of wool growth by Desmanthus spp as a supplement to a diet of Mitchell grass hay. Tropical Grassland, Ipswich, v. 43, n. 2, p. 106-111, 2009.
SOUZA, F. H. D.; MARCOS-FILHO, J. The seed coat as a modulator of seed-environment relationships in Fabaceae. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, São Paulo, v. 24, n. 4, p. 365-375, 2001.
SOUZA, J. A. et al. Natural seed coat provide protection against penetration by Callosobruchus maculatas (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) larvae. Crop Protection, Cambridge, v. 30, n. 6, p. 651-657, 2011.
SUNE, A. D.; FRANKE, L. B. Superação de dormência e metodologia para teste de germinação em Trifolium riograndense Bukart e Desmanthus depressus Humb. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, Londrina, v. 28, n. 3, p. 29-36, 2006.
VERNIER, P. et al. Survival and germination of three hard-seeded Acacia species after simulated cattle ingestion: The importance of the seed coat structure. South African Journal of Botany, Johannesburg, v. 79, sn, p. 19-24, 2012.
VOLL, E. et al. Amostragem do banco de sementes e flora emergente de plantas daninhas. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, v. 36, n. 2, p. 211-218, 2003.
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13-04-2015
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