Effect of using saline water on dripper clogging
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252025v3812699rcKeywords:
Clogging. Uniformity of application. Dilution. Irrigation Efficiency.Abstract
Drip irrigation and the agricultural use of brackish water mitigate water scarcity in semi-arid regions and food insecurity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clogging behavior in three types of non-pressure-compensating emitters applying dilutions of brackish water. The study was carried out in Mossoro, RN, Brazil. On a bench, three dripping units were installed in a split-split-plot scheme, in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Plots comprised three dilutions of brackish water (BW) in supply water (SW) (D1 - 100% of SW; D2 – 50% of SW plus 50% of BW; and D3 - 100% of BW), subplots comprised three types of non-pressure-compensating drippers (NJ - NaanDanJain, SL – StreamLine and ST - Super Typhoon), and sub-subplots comprised evaluation times (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 h). Every 80 h and 20 h of operation, the physical and chemical characteristics of the dilutions and the clogging indices (DUC) and relative flow rate reduction (RQR) were determined, respectively. The pH, EC, DUC and RQR were subjected to MANOVA and post-hoc test. The SL-D3 combination had greater clogging, reducing the DUC from 93% to 68%; the combinations least affected by clogging were SL-D1 and NJ-D2, both ending the tests with a DUC of 90%. There was a statistically significant variation in the DUC and RQR coefficients over the periods from 0 to 160 h and from 80 to 160 h, with no statistically significant variation from 0 to 80 h.
References
ABAY, K. A. et al. The Russia-Ukraine war: Implications for global and regional food security and potential policy responses. Global Food Security, 36: 100675, 2023.
ABDELZAHER, M. A.; AWAD, M. M. Sustainable development goals for the circular economy and the water-food nexus: full implementation of new drip irrigation technologies in upper Egypt. Sustainability, 21: 13883, 2022.
AYERS, R. S.; WESTCOT, D. W. A qualidade da água na agricultura. Campina Grande, PB: UFPB. Tradução de GHEYI, H. R.; MEDEIROS, J. F.; DAMASCENO, F. A. V. 1999. 153 p. (Estudos FAO: Irrigação e Drenagem, 29 Revisado 1).
COSTA, D. D. O. et al. Suscetibilidade ao entupimento de gotejadores aplicando água residuária doméstica tratada. Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente, 12: 1251-1266, 2019.
BUCKS, D. A.; NAKAYAMA, F. S.; GILBERT, R. G. Trickle irrigation water quality and preventive maintenance. Agricultural Water Management, 2: 149-162, 1979.
CAPRA, A.; SCICOLONE, B. Water quality and distribution uniformity in drip/trickle irrigation systems. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 70: 355-365, 1998.
FERNANDES, R. K. A. et al. Vazão de gotejadores aplicando água residuária da castanha de caju. Irriga, 19: 585-597, 2014.
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. The state of food and agriculture 2020: overcoming water challenges in agriculture. Rome: FAO, 2020. 208 p.
GUAN, Y. et al. Effect of potassium sulfate on clogging of dripper with muddy water. Journal of Northwest A & F University-Natural Science Edition, 46: 137-154, 2018.
HAN, F. et al. Simulating drip irrigation in large-scale and high-resolution ecohydrological models: from emitters to the basin. Agricultural Water Management, 289: 108500, 2023.
LILI, Z. et al. A kinetic model for the chemical clogging of drip irrigation system using saline water. Agricultural Water Management, 223: 105696, 2019.
LILI, Z. et al. Chemical clogging of emitters and evaluation of their suitability for saline water drip irrigation. Irrigation and Drainage, 65: 439-450, 2016.
LILI, Z. et al. Effects of water salinity on emitter clogging in surface drip irrigation systems. Irrigation Science, 39: 209-222, 2021.
MARQUES, B. C. D. et al. Desempenho de gotejadores operando com água residuária de laticínios em escala laboratorial. Irriga, 21: 140-155, 2016.
MERRIAN, J. L.; KELLER, J. Farm irrigation system evaluation: a guide for management. Logan: Utah State University, 1978. 271 p.
MESQUITA, F. O. et al. Drip units operating with dilute landfill leachate. Revista Caatinga, 29: 163-172, 2016.
MIRZAEE, M. M.; ZAKERINIA, M.; FARASATI, M. The effects of phytoremediation of treated urban wastewater on the discharge of surface and subsurface drippers (Case study: Gorgan wastewater treatment plant in northern Iran). Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 4: 100210, 2021.
MORAIS, S. C. et al. Effect of pH on the efficiency of sodium hexametaphosphate as calcium carbonate scale inhibitor at high temperature and high pressure. Desalination, 491: 114548, 2020.
OLIVEIRA, A. F. M. et al. Teores de metais pesados em cambissolo irrigado com água residuária doméstica e água de poço. Revista Ambiente & Água, 9: 302-312, 2014.
PARRON, L. M.; MUNIZ, D. H. F.; PEREIRA, C. M. Manual de procedimentos de amostragem e análise físico-química de água. 1. ed. Colombo, PR: EMBRAPA, 2011. 70 p.
SCHOBER, P.; BOER, C.; SCHWARTE, L. A. Correlation coefficients: appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 126: 1763-1768, 2018.
SHI, K. et al. A review of the category, mechanism, and controlling methods of chemical clogging in drip irrigation system. Agriculture, 12: 202, 2022.
VICINI, L. et al. Técnicas multivariadas exploratórias: teorias e aplicações no software Statistica. Santa Maria, RS: UFSM, 2018. 218 p.
WANG, D. et al. Effect of magnetized brackish water drip irrigation on water and salt transport characteristics of sandy soil in southern Xinjiang, China. Water, 15: 577, 2023.
VALE, H. S. M. et al. Distribution uniformity in drip units applying dilutions of treated water produced by oil exploration. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental, 24: 394-401, 2020.
XU, T.; ZHANG, L. Influence and analysis of structure design and optimization on the performance of a pit drip irrigation emitter. Irrigation and Drainage, 69: 633-645, 2020.
YASUOR, H.; YERMIYAHU, U.; BEN-GAL, A. Consequences of irrigation and fertigation of vegetable crops with variable quality water: Israel as a case study. Agricultural Water Management, 242: 106362, 2020.
YUNKAI, L. et al. Dynamic effects of chemical precipitates on drip irrigation system clogging using water with high sediment and salt loads. Agricultural Water Management, 213: 833-842, 2019.
YUNKAI, L. et al. Effects of lateral flushing on emitter clogging and biofilm components in drip irrigation systems with reclaimed water. Irrigation Science, 33: 235-245, 2015.
ZHANG, Y. et al. Optimizing drip irrigation with alternate use of fresh and brackish waters by analyzing salt stress: the experimental and simulation approaches. Soil and Tillage Research, 219: 105355, 2022.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Os Autores que publicam na Revista Caatinga concordam com os seguintes termos:
a) Os Autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons do tipo atribuição CC-BY, para todo o conteúdo do periódico, exceto onde estiver identificado, que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista, sem fins comerciais.
b) Os Autores têm autorização para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
c) Os Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
