YIELD AND AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SUNFLOWER IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND SOWING SEASON
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n409rcKeywords:
Water use efficiency. Agronomy efficiency. Yield. Evapotranspiration.Abstract
Agronomic responses to the use of agricultural inputs have been used in agriculture to identify the optimal level of nutrients to be supplied for high yield. This strategy helps to avoid economic losses and excessive application of fertilizers that has caused pollution of aquifers and soil degradation. The aim of the study was to evaluate water use efficiency, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, heat units and use of evapotranspiration in yield and its components in sunflowers under hot climate conditions in function of nitrogen fertilizer application during two sowing season. The experiment was conducted in the field. The treatments were two sowing seasons and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer application and one control: 0, 60, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1. The nitrogen source was urea. The experimental design was complete random blocks with factorial array and four replications. The occurrence of cv. Cobalto sunflower phenological stages were not modified by the treatments. Urea favored agronomic efficiency and water use efficiency. Yield components were modified positively, with increasing receptacle area, 100-grain weight, and grain yield per receptacle. Application of nitrogen fertilizer favored sunflower development, although environmental conditions are of critical importance as demonstrated by a clear interaction between the yield response to fertilizer application and the environment where the plants grew.
References
ALLEN, G. R. et al. Evapotranspiración del cultivo. Guías para la determinación de los requerimientos de agua de los cultivos. Estudio FAO. Riego y Drenaje. Manual 56. RM. ITALIA. 2007. 298 p.
AHMAD, R. et al. Does nitrogen fertilization enhance drought tolerance in sunflower? A review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, Philadelphia, v. 37, n. 6, p. 942-963, 2014.
AWAIS M. et al. Modeling the water and nitrogen productivity of sunflower using OILCROP-SUN model in Pakistan. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 205, n. 1, p. 67–77, 2017.
BATTISTI, D. S.; NAYLOR, R. L. Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat. Science, Washington, v. 323, n. 5911, p. 240–244, 2009.
CASTRO, C.; FARIAS, J. R. B. Ecofisiologia do girassol. In: LEITE, R. M. V. B. C.; BRIGHENTI, A. M.; CASTRO, C. (Eds.). Girassol do Brasil. Londrina: Embrapa Soja, 2005. cap. 9, p. 163-218.
CASSMAN, K. G. et al. Meeting cereal demand while protecting natural resources and improving environmental quality. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Palo Alto, v. 28, n. 1, p. 315-358, 2003.
CORMIER, F. et al. Breeding for increased nitrogen-use efficiency: a review for wheat (T. aestivum L.) Plant Breeding, Hoboken, v. 135, n. 3, p. 255–278, 2016.
DALCHIAVON, F. C. et al. Características agronômicas e suas correlações em híbridos de girassol adaptados à segunda safra. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, Brasília, v. 51, n. 11, p. 1806–1812, 2016.
GAO, Q. et al. Understanding yield response to nitrogen to achieve high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency in rainfed corn. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 104, n. 1, p. 165–168, 2012.
GARCÍA, L. J. et al. Evaluation of three simulation approaches for assessing yield of rainfed sunflower in a Mediterranean environment for climate change impact modelling. Climatic Change, Dordrecht, v. 124, n. 1, p. 147–162. 2014.
GARCÍA, L. J. et al. Yield response of sunflower to irrigation and fertilization under semi-arid conditions. Agricultural Water Management, Amsterdam, v. 176, n. 2, p. 151–162, 2016.
HAN, M. et al. The genetics of nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Annual Review of Genetics, Palo Alto, v. 49, n. 3, p. 269–289, 2015.
LÓPEZ-BELLIDO, L. et al. Fertilizer nitrogen efficiency in durum wheat under rainfed Mediterranean conditions: Effect of split application. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 98, n. 1, p. 55–62, 2006.
MASCLAUX-DAUBRESSE, C. et al. Nitrogen uptake, assimilation and remobilization in plants: Challenges for sustainable and productive agriculture. Annals of Botany, Oxford, v. 105, n. 7, p. 1141–1157, 2010.
MOHAMMADI, K. et al. Fertilization affects the agronomic traits of high oleic sunflower hybrid in different tillage systems. Industrial Crops and Products, Amsterdam, v. 44, n. 1, p. 446-451, 2013.
MOLL, R. H.; KAMPRATH, E. J.; JACKSON, W. A. Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency to nitrogen utilization. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 74, n. 3, p. 562-564, 1982.
NASIM, W. et al. Correlation studies on nitrogen for sunflower crop across the agroclimatic variability. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Heidelberg, v. 23, n. 4, p. 3658–3670, 2016.
NYIKAKO, J. et al. Genetic variation in nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in a segregating DH population of winter oilseed rape. Euphytica, Dordrecht, v. 199, n. 1, p. 3–11, 2014.
PAPATHEOHARI, Y. et al. Growth and yield of three sunflower hybrids cultivated for two years under Mediterranean conditions. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, Abu Dhabi, v. 28, n. 2, p. 136–142, 2016.
RIAR, A.; COVENTRY, D. Nitrogen use as a component of sustainable crop systems. In: BHULLAR, G. S.; BHULLAR, N. K. (Eds.). Agricultural sustainability: Progress and prospects in crop research. London: Elsevier, 2013. v. 1, cap. 4, p. 63–76.
RONDANINI, D.; SAVIN, R.; HALL, A. J. Dynamics of fruit growth and oil quality of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) exposed to brief intervals of high temperature during achene filling. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 83, n. 1, p. 79–90, 2003.
ROUPHAEL, Y. et al. Leaf area estimation of sunflower leaves from simple linear measurements. Photosynthetica, Dordrecht, v. 45, n. 4, p. 306–308, 2007.
SADRAS, V. O. Yield and water-use efficiency of water- and nitrogen-stressed wheat crops increase with degree of co-limitation. European Journal of Agronomy, Amsterdam, v. 21, n. 4, p. 455–464, 2004.
SCHNEITER, A. A.; MILLER, L. F. Description of sunflower growth stages. Crop Science, Madison, v. 21, n. 6, p. 901–903, 1981.
SIELING, K.; KAGE, H. The potential of semi-dwarf oilseed rape genotypes to reduce the risk of N leaching. Journal of Agricultural Science, New York, v. 146, n. 1, p.77–84, 2008.
SKORIC, D. Achievements and future directions of sunflower breeding. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 30, n. 3, p. 231–270, 1992.
SNYDER, R. L. Hand calculating degree days. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Amsterdam, v. 35, n. 4, p. 353-358, 1985.
SPOSARO, M. M.; CHIMENTI, C. A.; HALL, A. J. Root lodging in sunflower, variations in anchorage strength across genotypes, soil types, crop population densities and crop developmental stages. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 106, n. 2, p. 179–186, 2008.
SZMIGIEL, A. et al. Efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in spring wheat. International Journal of Plant Production, Gorgan, v. 10, n. 4, p. 447–456, 2016.
VALVERDE, P. et al. Climate change impacts on rainfed agriculture in the Guadiana river basin (Portugal). Agricultural Water Management, Amsterdam, v. 150, n. 1, p. 35–45, 2015.
VOS, J.; VAN DER PUTTEN, P. E. L.; BIRCH, C. J. Effect of nitrogen supply on leaf appearance, leaf growth, leaf nitrogen economy and photosynthetic capacity in maize (Zea mayz L.) Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 93, n. 1, p. 64–73, 2004.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Os Autores que publicam na Revista Caatinga concordam com os seguintes termos:
a) Os Autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons do tipo atribuição CC-BY, para todo o conteúdo do periódico, exceto onde estiver identificado, que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista, sem fins comerciais.
b) Os Autores têm autorização para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
c) Os Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
