DIVERSITY OF EDAPHIC FAUNA IN DIFFERENT SOIL OCCUPATION SYSTEMS

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n309rc

Keywords:

Edaphic arthropods. Soil quality. Soil invertebrates.

Abstract

Soil is the habitat for a number of living organisms that perform essential functions within the ecosystem; their functions and interactions are modified according to different ways of land occupation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of edaphic fauna in different soil occupation systems. The study was carried out in different soil occupation systems: millet, maize, soybean, eucalyptus, preserved cerrado, disturbed cerrado, and pasture, with 130 pitfall traps installed per treatment. Soil fauna organisms were identified at the level of large groups (orders and family), and then examined under the following biological diversity indices: Shannon index, Pielou index, average and total richness, and abundance. The highest abundance was found under millet growing conditions (9,974 individuals), and the lowest abundance values were found in soybean soil (222 individuals) and maize (824 individuals). Uniform distribution of groups in the area with soybean crops, due to the homogeneous management of the area, provided the highest biological index (H'=2.69). Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 50.9% of the data along the main axis and 34.6% of the data along the secondary axis. The different systems of soil occupation showed different abundance and diversity, demonstrating how soil occupation interferes with the dynamics of the invertebrate soil fauna.

References

ASSIS, P. C. R. et al. Biological Soil Properties in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest Systems. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 41, s/n., p. e0160209, 2017.

BARETTA, D. et al. Efeito do cultivo do solo sobre a diversidade da fauna edáfica no planalto sul catarinense. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias, v. 5, n. 2, p. 108-117, 2006.

BATISTA, I. et al. Frações oxidáveis do carbono orgânico total e macrofauna edáfica em Sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 38, n. 3, p. 797-809, 2014.

BEDANO, J. C. et al. Effect of Good Agricultural Practices under no-till on litter and soil invertebrates in areas with different soil types. Soil & Tillage Research, v. 158, n. 1, p. 100-109, 2016.

BERNARD, L.; CHAPUIS-LAEDY, L.; RAZAFIMBELO, T. Endogeic earthworms shape bacterial functional communities and affect organic matter mineralization in a tropical soil. The ISME Journal, v. 6, n. 1, p. 222-231, 2012.

BLANKINSHIP, J. C. et al. A meta-analysis of responses of soil biota to global change. Oecologia, v. 165, n. 3, p. 553-565, 2011.

CASTRO, E. B. et al. Population dynamics of the main phytophagous and predatory mites associated with rubber tree plantations in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Systematic & Applied Acarology, v. 23, n. 8, p. 1578–1591, 2018.

CARVALHO, N. L. et al. Ácaros fitófagos em plantas cultivadas e os fatores que interferem em sua dinâmica populacional. Revista Eletronica Tecnico-científica de IFSC, v. 2, n. 7, p. 1-17, 2018.

CASARIL, C. E. et al. Fauna edáfica em sistemas de produção de banana no Sul de Santa Catarina. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, v. 14, n. 1, p. e5613, 2019.

ČUCHTA, P. et al. An important role of decomposing wood for soil environment with a reference to communities of springtails (Collembola). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 191, n. 4, p. 191-222, 2019.

FARIAS, P. M.; HERNÁDEZ, M. I. M. Dung Beetles Associated with Agroecosystems of Southern Brazil: Relationship with Soil Properties. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 41, s/n., p. e0160248, 2017.

FRANCO, A. L. C. et al. Loss of soil (macro)fauna due to the expansion of Brazilian sugarcane acreage. Science of the Total Environment, v. 563, s/n., p. 160-168, 2016.

GORBUNOVA, A. YU. et al. Forest fires increase variability of soil macrofauna communities along a macrogeographic gradient. European Journal of Soil Biology, v. 80, s/n., p. 49-52, 2017.

INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA - IBGE. Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro, Diretoria de Geociências. Coordenação de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambientais, 2012. 271 p.

KAMU, S. et al. Soil macrofauna abundance under dominant tree species increases along a soil degradation gradient. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 112, s/n., p. 35-46, 2017.

MARTINS, A. L. P. et al. Associations Between Different Soil Management Practices, Soil Fauna and Maize Yield. Journal of Agricultural Science, v. 10, n. 9, p. 333-343, 2018.

MUELLER, K. E. et al. Light, earthworms, and soil resources as predictors of diversity of 10 soil invertebrate groups across monocultures of 14 tree species. Soil Biology Biochemistry. v. 92, s/n., p. 184-198, 2015.

NEHER, D. A.; WEICHT, T. R.; BARBERCHECK, M. E. Linking invertebrate communities to decomposition rate and nitrogen availability in pine forest soils. Applied Soil Ecology, v. 54, s/n., p. 14–23, 2012.

PANT, M. et al. Macrofauna contributes to organic matter decomposition and soil quality in Himalayan agroecosystems, India. Applied Soil Ecology, v. 120, s/n., p. 20-29, 2017.

PAUL, B. K. et al. Exclusion of soil macrofauna did not affect soil quality but increased crop yields in a sub-humid tropical maize-based system. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, v. 208, s/n., p. 75-85, 2015.

PEREZ, G. et al. Home-field advantage: a matter of interaction between litter biochemistry and decomposer biota. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, v. 67, s/n., p. 245-254, 2013.

RODRIGUES, D. M. et al. Diversidade de artrópodes da fauna edáfica em agroecossistemas de estabelecimento agrícola familiar na Amazônia Oriental. Revista de Ciências Agrárias, v. 59, n. 1, p. 32-38, 2016.

ROUSSEAU, G. X. et al. Macrofauna do solo em uma cronosequência de capoeiras, florestas e pastos no Centro de Endemismo Belém, Amazônia Oriental. Acta amazônica, v. 44, n. 4, p. 499-512, 2014.

ROY, S. et al. A. Soil Arthropods in Maintaining Soil Health: Thrust Areas for Sugarcane Production Systems. Sugar Tech, v. 20, n. 4, p. 376-391, 2018.

SANTOS, G. G. et al. Macrofauna edáfica associada a plantas de cobertura em plantio direto em um Latossolo Vermelho do Cerrado. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 43, n. 1, p. 115-122, 2008.

SANTOS, H. G. et al. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. 5. ed. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2018. 356 p.

SIQUEIRA, G. M.; VIEIRA, S. R.; CAMARGO, M. B. P. Variabilidade espacial do armazenamento e perda média diária de água pelo solo no sistema de semeadura direta em Campinas, SP. Bragantia, v. 67, n. 1, p. 213-223, 2008.

SIQUEIRA, G. M.; SILVA, E. F. F.; PAZ-FERREIRO, J. Land Use Intensification Effects in Soil Arthropod Community of an Entisol in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The Scientific World Journal, s/v., s/n., p. 1-8, 2014.

SIQUEIRA, G. M et al. Diversity of soil macrofauna under sugarcane monoculture and two different natural vegetation types. African Journal of Agricultural Research, v. 11, n. 30, p. 2669-2677, 2016.

SILVA, R. A. et al. Spatial variability of soil fauna under different land use and managements. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 42, s/n., p. 1-18, 2018.

UNITED STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE - USDA. Soil Taxonomy: a basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2. ed. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1999. 871 p.

YIN, R. et al. Climate change does not alter land-use effects on soil fauna communities. Applied Soil Ecology, v. 140, s/n., p. 1-10, 2019.

WAGG, C. et al. Soil biodiversity and soil community composition determine ecosystem multifunctionality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 111, n. 14, p. 5266-5270, 2016.

Downloads

Published

26-08-2019

Issue

Section

Agronomy