Clinical laboratory profiling and microbiological analysis of the oral cavity of dogs (Canis familiaris) with dental disorders

Authors

  • Leonardo Costa Rocha Undergraduate student of the Veterinary Medicine course at the State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-7629
  • Emilly de Souza Moraes Veterinarian, Veterinary Medicine Improvement Program at the State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-4696
  • Aurioneide Novais Siqueira Veterinarian, Veterinary Medicine Improvement Program at the State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5093
  • Erica Mendes Brandão Veterinarian, Master's student in Animal Science at the State University of Maranhão
  • Hyanka Jasmyne Costa de Carvalho PhD student in the Graduate Program in Domestic and Wild Animal Anatomy at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8733-4932
  • Isabel Azevedo Carvalho Professor at the Department of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-0692
  • Solange de Araujo Melo Professor at the Department of Pathology, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-866X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2024.18.2.12306

Abstract

Periodontal disease (PD) is caused by the accumulation of biofilm in the oral cavity. Biofilm is a viscous, yellowish film that is initially composed of non-pathogenic bacteria; the biofilm creates an environment that is conducive to the proliferation of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria if it is not removed, leading to periodontitis. This study identified the bacteria present in oral cavity samples from 22 dogs with dental disorders and related them to clinical and laboratory findings. To identify these microorganisms, samples were collected and cultivated in a variety of culture media and bacterial identification was carried out using biochemical tests. We also performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests to select the most appropriate treatment for each case. The results showed that the dogs in the study presented with anemia, leukocytosis, and increased plasma protein, which were possibly associated with PD. The most severe periodontal changes were observed in dogs between 6 and 12 years old that consumed moist and/or soft foods. We identified eight species of bacteria, including Klebsiella aerogenes, Pantoea agglomerans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and bacteria from the genus Clostridium sp. These results highlight the importance of the antibiogram and of restricting the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics as complementary treatment for PD.

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Published

2024-06-30

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Section

Original Articles / Artigos de Pesquisa

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