Equine neuroendocrine responses to starvation

Abstract

The healthy adult horse can tolerate simple starvation for 24 to 72 hours with little systemic effect. A decline in blood glucose concentration occurs with starvation, insulin level fall, and energy demand are supplied initially by glycogenolysis, resulting in an increase the breakdown of liver glycogen stores. As starvation progresses, glycogen is mobilized from other tissues, including the muscle. Lipid mobilization is triggered by alterations in insulin and glucagon concentrations and the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase. The classic profile of hormonal response to starvation includes increased plasma levels of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, ghrelin, growth hormone and glucagon, and decreased levels of circulating insulin, gonadotropins, leptin and thyroid hormones. These hormone responses are an afferent stimulus for the hypothalamic response to starvation resulting in a decrease in energy expenditure and metabolism. Keywords: Equine, glycogenolysis, hypoglycemia, metabolism, weight loss.