OPTIMIZED PRODUCTION OF IMMATURE COWPEA UNDER GREEN MANURING IN A SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT

Rose Paula Desravines; Francisco Bezerra Neto; Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima; Elizangela Cabral dos Santos; Natan Medeiros Guerra; Vitor Abel da Silva Lino

doi:10.1590/1983-21252022v35n311rc

Authors

Rose Paula Desravines Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-9570
Francisco Bezerra Neto Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-206X
Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-592X
Elizangela Cabral dos Santos Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7074-3147
Natan Medeiros Guerra Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of Ceará, Paraipaba, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-7102
Vitor Abel da Silva Lino Department of Agronomic and Forestry Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-7928

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n311rc

Keywords:

Vigna unguiculata. Merremia aegyptia. Calotropis procera. Agro-economic optimization.

Abstract

Given the lack of information on the use of spontaneous plants from the Caatinga biome as green manure to produce green grains, the present work aimed to agronomically and economically optimize cowpea production for green grains and their components when fertilized with equitable biomass amounts of hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and roostertree (Calotropis procera Ait.) in two cropping seasons in a semi-arid environment. The experiment used a randomized complete block design, with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of equitable amounts of dry M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass of 16, 29, 42, 55 and 68 t ha⁻¹. In each experiment, an additional treatment was planted with cowpea without fertilizer (absolute control), and another was fertilized with mineral fertilizer for the purpose of comparison with the treatment of maximum physical or economic efficiency. The maximum optimized physical (agronomic) efficiencies of cowpea green pods and grain production were reached in the productivity of green pods at 3.90 t ha⁻¹ and green grains at 4.06 t ha⁻¹, with incorporation into the soil of 45.07 and 50.48 t ha⁻¹ of green manure, respectively. The maximum economic efficiency of cowpea green grain production was reached at a net income of R$5826.12 ha⁻¹ and at a rate of return of 1.29 reals for each real invested with application to the soil of 38.74 and 37.85 t ha⁻¹ of the tested green manure biomass.

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