Basil production and chemical composition of essential oils as a function of water suppression

Authors

  • Bárbara Almeida Dutra Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-0768
  • Janaína Silva de Freitas Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-4701
  • Messulan Rodrigues Meira Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-342X
  • Maria Caroline Rizério Costa Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1882-5062
  • Rute Caires Fonseca Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-0481
  • Gilberto das Neves Nascimento Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1507-1007
  • Simone Andrade Gualberto Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-002X
  • Crislene Viana da Silva Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-6296

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252025v3812415rc

Keywords:

Basil. Chemical characterization. Abiotic stress.

Abstract

Basil produces essential oils of economic interest, but producing this species in semi-arid regions is a challenge. Brazil has specific edaphoclimatic characteristics that varying with region. The objective was to study the yield and chemical composition of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L. in a greenhouse in Bahia, Brazil, subjected to 24, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours without irrigation, corresponding to the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th days, in order to evaluate the optimization of essential oil removal, production and chemical composition. Data on height and number of leaves of the species and climatic conditions of the region were collected. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation, and the identification and quantification of chemical compounds was performed by GC-FID. Proline content, fresh and dry biomass, essential oil content and chemical composition were evaluated. Water stress treatments caused reduction of 9.31% to 27.32% in fresh biomass, an increase of ~50% in dry biomass and there was a marked increase in proline production as an indication of stress. Essential oil content was proportional to irrigation time, and after 72 hours it no longer showed a significant difference. It was observed that the best basil essential oil content is obtained on the third day of water suspension and the chemical composition of the essential oils changed subtly, with the major compounds being linalool and eugenol. It is recommended to grow basil in a greenhouse with 40% shade net and harvest at 62 days after transplanting under a six-day water suspension.

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References

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Published

18-11-2024

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Section

Scientific Article