BIOLOGY OF COLLETOTRICHUM SPP. AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE ANTHRACNOSE IN TROPICAL FRUIT TREES
Keywords:
Quiescência, Pré-colheita, Pós-colheita, Doença fúngicaAbstract
The anthracnose is important disease in the pre and postharvest phases. Several species of Colletotrichum (C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, C. musae e C. magna) are responsible for inciting this disease. The pathogen infects many fruit trees in tropical and temperate regions, causing considerable damage and loss in all phases of cultures. Characteristic symptoms are dark necrotic lesions depressed, subcircular or angular shaped, and there may be coalescing. Infections have a special feature: the phenomenon of quiescence. This process has important implications, particularly in post-harvest, because the damage from infections reflect only this phase. The intensity of the disease have been striking at temperatures from 24 to 28 °C and in the presence of high relative humidity. The understanding of some aspects of the biology of the pathogen (the process of quiescence) and the epidemiology of the disease is crucial, since much has not yet been fully clarified, especially when the aim is to achieve sustainable management.Downloads
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References
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DAMM, U. et al. The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Studies in Micology, Netherlands, v. 73, p. 31-113, 2012a.
DAMM, U. et al. The Colletotrichum boninense species complex. Studies in Micology, Netherlands, v. 73, p. 1-36, 2012b.
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PERES, N.A. et al. Lifestyles of Colletotrichum acutatum. Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 89, p. 784-796, 2005.
PERES, N.A.R. et al. Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum spp. affecting fruit after harvest in Brazil. Journal of Phytopathology, Berlin, v. 150, p. 128-134, 2002a.
PERES, N.A.R. et al. A fungicide application decision (FAD) support system for postbloom fruit drop of citrus (PFD). Plant Heath Progress, 2002b. Disponível em: <http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/review/fruitdrop/>. Acesso em: 05 jan. 2011.
PHOULIVONG, S. et al. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is not a common pathogen on tropical fruits. Fungal Diversity, Kunming, v. 44, p. 33-43, 2010.
PLOETZ, R. C. Diseases of mango. In: PLOETZ, R.C. (Ed.). Diseases of tropical fruit crops. Florida: University of Florida (UFAS), 2003. p. 329-331.
PLOETZ, R. C.; THOMAS, J.E. SLABAUGH, W.R. Diseases of banana and plantain. In: PLOETZ, R.C. (Ed.). Diseases of tropical fruit crops. Florida: University of Florida (UFAS), 2003. p. 96-98.
PRUSKY, D. Pathogen quiescence in postharvest diseases. Annual Review of Phytopathology, Palo Alto, v. 34, p. 413-434, 1996.
SILVA-ROJAS, H.V.; ÁVILA-QUEZADA, G.D. Phylogenetic and morphological identification of Colletotrichum boninense: a novel causal agent of anthracnose in avocado. Plant Pathology, London, v. 60, p. 899-908, 2011.
WEIR, B.S.; JOHNSTON, P.R. DAMM, U. The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. Studies in Micology, Netherlands, v. 73, p. 115-180, 2012.
ARAUZ, L.F. Mango anthracnose: economic impact and current options for integrated management. Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 84, p. 600-611, 2000.
BAILEY, J.A.; JEGER M.J. Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 1992. 388p.
CARDOSO, J. E.; FREIRE, F. C. O. Doenças das Anonáceas. In: FREIRE, F. C. O.; CARDOSO, J.E. VIANA, F. M. P. (Ed.). Doenças de fruteiras tropicais de interesse agroindustrial. Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2003. p. 146- 150.
CHAKRAVARTY, T. Anthracnose of banana (Gloeosporium musarum Cke. & Massee) with special reference to latent infection in storage. Transactions British Mycological Society, London, v. 40, p. 337-345, 1957.
DAMM, U. et al. The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Studies in Micology, Netherlands, v. 73, p. 31-113, 2012a.
DAMM, U. et al. The Colletotrichum boninense species complex. Studies in Micology, Netherlands, v. 73, p. 1-36, 2012b.
DICKMAN, M.B.; ALVAREZ, A.M. Latent infections of papaya caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 67, p. 748-750, 1983.
FITZELL, R.D.; PEAK, C.M. DARNELL, R.E. A model for estimating infection levels of anthracnose disease of mango. Annals of Applied Biology, London, v. 104, p. 451-458, 1984.
FITZELL, R.D.; PEAK, C.M. The epidemiology of anthracnose disease of mango: inoculum sources, spore production and dispersal. Annals of Applied Biology, London, v. 104, p. 53-59, 1984.
FREEMAN, S.; KATAN, T. SHABI, E. Characterization of Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose diseases of various fruits. Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 82, p. 596-605, 1998.
FREIRE, F. C. O. et al. Diseases of cashew nut plants (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Brazil. Crop Protection, Oxford, v. 21, p. 489-494, 2002.
FREIRE, F. C. O.; CARDOSO, J. E. Controle das doenças do cajueiro. In: ZAMBOLIM, L.; VALE, F.X.R.; MONTEIRO, A.J.A. COSTA, H. (Ed.). Controle de doenças de plantas fruteiras. Viçosa: Editora UFV, 2002. v. 2, p. 1205- 1209.
FREIRE, F. C. O.; CARDOSO, J E. Doenças da aceroleira. In: FREIRE, F. C. O.; CARDOSO, J.E. VIANA, F. M.P. (Ed.). Doenças de fruteiras tropicais de interesse agroindustrial. Brasília: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2003. p. 60- 64.
JEFFRIES, P. et al. The biology and control of Colletotrichum species on tropical fruit crops. Plant Pathology, London, v. 39, p. 343-366, 1990.
LAKSHMI, B.K.M.; REDDY, P.N. PRASAD, R.D. Cross-infection potential of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. isolates causing anthracnose in subtropical fruit crops. Tropical Agricultural Research, Sri Lanka, v. 22, p. 183-193, 2011.
LAPEYRE DE BELLAIRE, L.; CHILLET, M.; CHILIN-CHARLES, Y. Method for early quantification of quiescent infections of Colletotrichum musae on bananas. Fruits, Cambridge, v. 63, p. 129-131, 2008.
LARANJEIRA, F. F. et al. Controle das doenças causadas por fungos e bactérias em citros. In: ZAMBOLIM, L.; VALE, F.X.R.; MONTEIRO, A.J.A. COSTA, H. (Ed.). Controle de doenças de plantas fruteiras. Viçosa: Editora UFV, 2002. v. 2, p. 169- 171.
LIM, T.-K.; MANICOM, B.Q. Diseases of guava. In: Ploetz, R.C. (Ed.). Diseases of tropical fruit crops. Florida: University of Florida (UFAS), 2003. p. 276-277.
MENGE, J. A.; PLOETZ, R. C. Diseases of avocado. In: PLOETZ, R.C. (Ed.). Diseases of tropical fruit crops. Florida: University of Florida (UFAS), 2003. p. 37-38.
NASCIMENTO, R. J. et al. First report of papaya fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum magna in Brazil. Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 94, p. 1506, 2010.
PERES, N.A. et al. Lifestyles of Colletotrichum acutatum. Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 89, p. 784-796, 2005.
PERES, N.A.R. et al. Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum spp. affecting fruit after harvest in Brazil. Journal of Phytopathology, Berlin, v. 150, p. 128-134, 2002a.
PERES, N.A.R. et al. A fungicide application decision (FAD) support system for postbloom fruit drop of citrus (PFD). Plant Heath Progress, 2002b. Disponível em: <http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/review/fruitdrop/>. Acesso em: 05 jan. 2011.
PHOULIVONG, S. et al. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is not a common pathogen on tropical fruits. Fungal Diversity, Kunming, v. 44, p. 33-43, 2010.
PLOETZ, R. C. Diseases of mango. In: PLOETZ, R.C. (Ed.). Diseases of tropical fruit crops. Florida: University of Florida (UFAS), 2003. p. 329-331.
PLOETZ, R. C.; THOMAS, J.E. SLABAUGH, W.R. Diseases of banana and plantain. In: PLOETZ, R.C. (Ed.). Diseases of tropical fruit crops. Florida: University of Florida (UFAS), 2003. p. 96-98.
PRUSKY, D. Pathogen quiescence in postharvest diseases. Annual Review of Phytopathology, Palo Alto, v. 34, p. 413-434, 1996.
SILVA-ROJAS, H.V.; ÁVILA-QUEZADA, G.D. Phylogenetic and morphological identification of Colletotrichum boninense: a novel causal agent of anthracnose in avocado. Plant Pathology, London, v. 60, p. 899-908, 2011.
WEIR, B.S.; JOHNSTON, P.R. DAMM, U. The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. Studies in Micology, Netherlands, v. 73, p. 115-180, 2012.
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10-12-2013
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