PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ISOHIDRIC SPECIES PONYTAIL PALM UNDER WATER DEFICIT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252015v28n322rcKeywords:
Beaucarnea recurvata Lem.. Dehydration. Gas exchange.Water regulation.Abstract
The maintenance of a plant water status is essential for keeping of its development in environments with limited water availability. Different species have different mechanisms that provide greater ability to survive under drought conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological parameters changes of the isohydric species Beaucarnea recurvate Lem. under irrigation suspension. The study involved experiments with slow dehydration (SD) performed by withholding water followed by plants rehydration, and with rapid dehydration (RD), where individual leaves were detached and placed to dehydrate in the laboratory bench. The results showed that although of the soil water content (% H2O) reach critical values (12%) in the first days of the irrigation suspension, the plants showed maintenance of the relative water content (≅80%) over the 54-day SD period, when the net photosynthesis (PN) reached null values. Throughout SD, it was observed that the PN, stomatal conductance (gs), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, the electrons transport rate, the potential quantum efficiency of PSII and chlorophyll content were reduced. In RD, experiment was observed a high correlation between PN and gs. The results suggest that the reduction in photosynthesis was initially caused by a stomatal adjustment that culminated in an imbalance between photochemical energy production and its consumption by biochemical apparatus of photosynthesis. However, after rehydration, all gas exchange parameters were recovered, indicating that the isohydric behavior of this species contributed to the plants did not suffer extensive damage during a prolonged period of irrigation suspension.Downloads
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References
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BUCKLEY, T. N. The control of stomata by water balance. New Phytologist, Lancaster, v. 168, n. 2, p. 275-292, 2005.
CHAVES, M. M.; FLEXAS, J.; PINHEIRO, C. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, Exeter, v. 103, n. 4, p. 551–560, 2009.
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MEDRANO, H. et al. Regulation of photosynthesis of C3 plants in response to progressive drought: the interest of stomatal conductance as a reference parameter. Annals of Botany, Exeter, v. 89, n. 7, p. 895–905, 2002.
PINHEIRO, C; CHAVES, M. M. Photosynthesis and drought: can we make metabolic connections from avaiable data? Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 62, n. 3, p. 869-882, 2011.
POU, A. et al. Anisohydric behaviour in grapevines results in better performance under moderate water stress and recovery than isohydric behaviour. Plant Soil, Dordrecht, v. 359, n. 1-2, p. 335-349, 2012.
SANDA, S. et al. Responses of the photosynthetic electron transport system to excess light energy caused by water deficit in wild watermelon. Physiologia Plantarum, Lund, v. 142, n. 3, p. 247-264, 2011.
SCHULTZ, H. R. Differences in hydraulic architecture account for near-isohydric and anisohydric behaviour of two fieldgrown Vitis vinifera L. cultivars during drought. Plant, Cell & Environment, Malden, v. 26, n. 8, p. 1393–1405, 2003.
SILVA, J. M.; ARRABAÇA, M. C. Photosynthesis in the water-stressed C4 grass Setaria sphacelata is mainly limited by stomata with both rapidly and slowly imposed water deficits. Physiologia Plantarum, Lund, v. 121, n. 3, p. 409-420, 2004.
SOAR, C. J. et al. Gradients in stomatal conductance, xylem sap ABA and bulk leaf ABA along canes of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz: biochemical and molecular biological evidence indicating their source. Functional Plant Biology, Clayton South, v. 31, n. 6, p. 659–669, 2004.
SULTAN, S. E. Physiological response to complex environments in annual Polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth. Oecologia, New York, v. 15, n. 4, p. 564-578, 1998.
TARDIEU, F.; SIMONNEAU, T. Variability among species of stomatal control under fluctuating soil water status and evaporative demand: modeling isohydric and anisohydric behaviours. Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 49, n. (Special issue), p. 419-432, 1998.
VANDELEUR, R. K. et al. The role of plasma membrane intrinsic protein aquaporins in water transport through roots: diurnal and drought stress responses reveal different strategies between isohydric and anisohydric cultivars of grapevine. Plant Physiology, Glasgow, v. 149, n. 1, p. 445–460, 2009.
VON WILLERT, D. J. Life Strategies of Succulents in Deserts. With Special reference to the Namib Desert. 1 ed. New York. Cambridge University Press, 1992. 368 p.
BERTOLLI, S. C.; MAZZAFERA, P.; SOUZA, G. M. Why is it so difficult to identify a single indicator of water stress in plants? A proposal for a multivariate analysis to assess emergent properties. Plant Biology, Weinheim, v. 16, n. 3, p. 578-585, 2014.
BILGER, W.; BJÖRKMAN, O. Role of the xanthophyll cycle in photoprotection elucidated by measurements of light-induced absorbance changes, fluorescence and photosynthesis in leaves of Hedera canariensis. Photosynthesis Research, Dordrecht, v. 25, n. 3, p. 173-185, 1990.
BOBICH, E. G.; NORTH, G. B. Structural implication of succulence: Architecture, anatomy, and mechanics of photosynthetic stem succulents, pachycauls, and leaf succulents. In: BARRERA, E.; SMITH, W.K. (Ed.) Perspectives in biophysical plant ecophysiology - A tribute to Park S. Nobel. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Ciudad Universitaria, México, 2009, p. 3-38.
BUCCI, S. J. et al. Water relations and hydraulic architecture in Cerrado trees: adjustments to seasonal changes in water availability and evaporative demand. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, Londrina, v. 20, n. 3, p. 233-245, 2008.
BUCKLEY, T. N. The control of stomata by water balance. New Phytologist, Lancaster, v. 168, n. 2, p. 275-292, 2005.
CHAVES, M. M.; FLEXAS, J.; PINHEIRO, C. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany, Exeter, v. 103, n. 4, p. 551–560, 2009.
CHAVES, M. M.; PEREIRA, J. S.; MAROCO, J. Understanding plant response to drought - from genes to the whole plant. Functional Plant Biology, Clayton South, v. 30, n. 3, p. 239–264, 2003.
CORNIC, G. Drought stress inhibits photosynthesis by decreasing stomatal aperture – not by affecting ATP synthesis. Trends in Plant Science, London, v. 5, n. 5, p. 183-221, 2000.
EPRON, D.; DREYER, E.; BREDA, N. Photosynthesis of oak tress (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) during drought under field conditions: diurnal course of net CO2 assimilation and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. Plant, Cell & Environment, Malden, v. 15, n. 7, p. 809-820, 1992.
FLEXAS, J. et al. Photosynthesis limitations during water stress acclimation and recovery in the drought-adapted Vitis hybrid Richter-110 (V. berlandieri x V. rupestris). Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 60, n. 8, p. 2361-2377, 2009.
FLEXAS, J. et al. Keeping a positive carbon balance under adverse conditions: responses of photosynthesis and respiration to water stress. Physiologia Plantarum, Lund, v. 127, n. 3, p. 343-352, 2006.
GIBSON, A. C. The anatomy of succulence. In: TING, I. P.; GIBBS, M. (Ed.) Crassulacean acid metabolism: proceedings of the fifth annual symposium in botany, January 16-16th, commemorating the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Agricultural Experiment Station at the University of California Riverside. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Maryland, 1982, p. 1-15.
KRAMER, D. M.; EVANS, J. R. The Importance of Energy Balance in Improving Photosynthetic Productivity. Plant Physiology, Glasgow, v. 155, n. 1, p. 70-78, 2011.
LARCHER, W. Ecofisiologia Vegetal. 1 ed. São Carlos, SP: RiMa, 2000. 531 p.
LAWLOR, D. W.; TEZARA, W. Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water-deficient leaf cells: a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes. Annals of Botany, Exeter, v. 103, n. 4, p. 561-579, 2009.
LAWLOR, D. W.; CORNIC, G. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant, Cell & Environment, Malden, v. 25, n. 2, p. 275-294, 2002.
LORENZI, H.; SOUZA, H. M. Plantas ornamentais no Brasil: arbustivas, herbáceas e trepadeiras. Nova Odessa, SP: Instituto Plantarum, 2008. 988 p.
MASEDA, P. H.; FERNÁNDEZ, R. J. Stay wet or else: three ways in wich plants can adjust hydraulically to their environment. Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 57, n. 15, p. 3963-3977, 2006.
MCDOWELL, N. et. al Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytologist, Lancaster, v. 178, n. 4, p. 719–739, 2008.
MEDRANO, H. et al. Regulation of photosynthesis of C3 plants in response to progressive drought: the interest of stomatal conductance as a reference parameter. Annals of Botany, Exeter, v. 89, n. 7, p. 895–905, 2002.
PINHEIRO, C; CHAVES, M. M. Photosynthesis and drought: can we make metabolic connections from avaiable data? Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 62, n. 3, p. 869-882, 2011.
POU, A. et al. Anisohydric behaviour in grapevines results in better performance under moderate water stress and recovery than isohydric behaviour. Plant Soil, Dordrecht, v. 359, n. 1-2, p. 335-349, 2012.
SANDA, S. et al. Responses of the photosynthetic electron transport system to excess light energy caused by water deficit in wild watermelon. Physiologia Plantarum, Lund, v. 142, n. 3, p. 247-264, 2011.
SCHULTZ, H. R. Differences in hydraulic architecture account for near-isohydric and anisohydric behaviour of two fieldgrown Vitis vinifera L. cultivars during drought. Plant, Cell & Environment, Malden, v. 26, n. 8, p. 1393–1405, 2003.
SILVA, J. M.; ARRABAÇA, M. C. Photosynthesis in the water-stressed C4 grass Setaria sphacelata is mainly limited by stomata with both rapidly and slowly imposed water deficits. Physiologia Plantarum, Lund, v. 121, n. 3, p. 409-420, 2004.
SOAR, C. J. et al. Gradients in stomatal conductance, xylem sap ABA and bulk leaf ABA along canes of Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz: biochemical and molecular biological evidence indicating their source. Functional Plant Biology, Clayton South, v. 31, n. 6, p. 659–669, 2004.
SULTAN, S. E. Physiological response to complex environments in annual Polygonum species of contrasting ecological breadth. Oecologia, New York, v. 15, n. 4, p. 564-578, 1998.
TARDIEU, F.; SIMONNEAU, T. Variability among species of stomatal control under fluctuating soil water status and evaporative demand: modeling isohydric and anisohydric behaviours. Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 49, n. (Special issue), p. 419-432, 1998.
VANDELEUR, R. K. et al. The role of plasma membrane intrinsic protein aquaporins in water transport through roots: diurnal and drought stress responses reveal different strategies between isohydric and anisohydric cultivars of grapevine. Plant Physiology, Glasgow, v. 149, n. 1, p. 445–460, 2009.
VON WILLERT, D. J. Life Strategies of Succulents in Deserts. With Special reference to the Namib Desert. 1 ed. New York. Cambridge University Press, 1992. 368 p.
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31-08-2015
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