ORGANIC MATTER AND CARBON MANAGEMENT INDEX OF SOIL TREATED WITH COMPOSTED AND NON-COMPOSTED LAYERED RESIDUES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n109rcKeywords:
Physical fractionation. Soil quality. Alternate layering of residues.Abstract
The use of organic residues and compost is a common practice to improve soil quality and content of organic matter. In this study, the labile and stable fractions of soil organic matter were evaluated after application of layers of fresh (non-composted) or composted organic residues in a 6-year-old citrus orchard. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design, with 6 treatments: control without NPK, control with NPK, non-composted organic residue (NCOR, with and without NPK), and composted organic residue (humus, with and without NPK), with three replicates. The treatments were applied under the plant canopy. Soil samples were collected from the 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.15 m layers. There were increases of 10.3, 22.4, 16.3, and 37.1 % in the organic carbon contents of the surface soil for the treatments using NCOR without NPK, NCOR with NPK, humus with NPK, and humus without NPK, respectively. The organic carbon contents of the labile fraction varied from 1.0 to 12.8 g kg-1, representing between 8 and 62 % of the total carbon. The carbon concentrations in the stable fraction varied from 3.1 to 9.7 g kg-1, representing between 38 and 92 % of the total carbon, and this was the dominant fraction for most of the treatments.Downloads
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References
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AOYAMA, M.; ANGERS, D. A.; DAYEGAMIYE, A. N. Particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ontario, v. 79, n. 2, p. 295-302, 1999.
BLAIR, G. J.; LEFROY, R. D. B.; LISLE, L. Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, New Zealand, v. 46, n. 7, p. 1459-1466, 1995.
CAMBARDELLA, C. A. ELLIOT, E. T. Particulate soil organic matter changes across a grassland cultivation sequence. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 56, n. 3, p. 777-783, 1992.
CARMO, F. F. et al. Frações granulométricas da matéria orgânica em latossolo sob plantio direto com gramíneas. Bioscience Journal, Uberlandia, v. 28, n. 3, p. 420-431, 2012.
CULMAN, S. W. et al. Short- and Long-Term Labile Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics Reflect Management and Predict Corn Agronomic Performance. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 105, n. 2, p. 493-502, 2013.
DIEKOW, J. et al. Soil C and N stocks as affected by cropping systems and nitrogen fertilization in a Southern Brazil Acrisol managed under no-tillage for 17 years. Soil and Tillage Research, Netherlands, v. 81, n. 1, p. 87-95, 2005.
DONAGEMA, G. K. et al. Manual de métodos de análise de solos. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: EMBRAPA, 2011. 230 p.
FERREIRA, D.F. Programa de análises estatísticas (statistical analysis software) e planejamento de experimentos – SISVAR 5.0 (Build 67). Lavras: DEX/UFLA. 2003.
GUIMARÃES, D. V. et al. Management of soil organic matter and carbon storage in tropical fruit crops. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental, Campina Grande, v. 18, n. 3, p. 301-306, 2014.
GUIMARÃES, D. V. et al. Soil organic matter pools and carbon fractions in soils under different land uses. Soil and Tillage Research, Amsterdam, v. 126, n. 1, p. 177-182, 2013.
JAOUDÉ, A. R.; LAGOMARSINO, A.; DE ANGELIS, P. Impacts of nitrogen fertilization and coppicing on total and hetero trophic soil CO2 efflux in a short rotation poplar plantation. Plant and Soil, Netherlands, v. 339, n. 1, p. 219-230, 2011.
KALAMBUKATTU, J. et al. Soil carbon pools and carbon management index under different land use systems in the Central Himalayan region. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Oslo, v. 63, n. 3, p. 200-205, 2013.
KOLAR et al. Labile fractions of soil organic matter, their quantity and quality. Plant, Soil and Environment, Slezska, v. 55, n. 5, p. 245-251, 2009.
LEITE, L. F. C. et al. Estoques totais de carbono orgânico e seus compartimentos em Argissolo sob floresta e sob milho cultivado com adubação mineral e orgânica. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Piracicaba, v. 27, n. 5, p. 821-832, 2003.
LOPES, H. S. S. et al. Microbial biomass and organic matter in soil of Caatinga, cultivated with melon in Chapada do Apodi, Ceará State. Revista Ceres, Viçosa, v. 59, n. 4, p. 565-570, 2012.
LOSS, A. et al. Carbono e frações granulométricas da matéria orgânica do solo sob sistemas de produção orgânica. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 39, n. 4, p. 1077-1082, 2009.
MARRIOTT, E. E.; WANDER, M. Qualitative and quantitative differences in particulate organic matter fractions in organic and conventional farming systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Firenze, v. 38, n. 7, p. 1527-1536, 2006.
MARTINS, C.M. et al. Fraction of organic matter in soil under deciduous formations in the north of Minas. Revista Caatinga, Mossoró, v. 28, n. 4, p. 10-20, 2015.
NELSON, D. W.; SOMMERS, L. E. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Sparks, D. L. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Chemical Methods. Part 3. SSSA, Madison, WI, p. 961–1010, 1996.
PEEL, M. C. et al. Updated world map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrological Earth System Science, Göttingen, v. 11, n. 5, p. 1633–1644, 2007.
ROSSI, C. Q. et al. Frações orgânicas e índice de manejo de carbono do solo em Latossolo Vermelho sob plantio de soja no cerrado goiano. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, Recife, v. 7, n. 2, p. 233-241, 2012a.
SANTOS, H. G. et al. Sistema Brasileiro de classificação do solos. 3. ed. Brasília, DF: EMBRAPA, 2013. 353 p.
SILVA, F. C. Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes. 2.ed. Brasília, DF: EMBRAPA, 2009. 627 p.
SOIL SURVEY STAFF. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 12. ed. Soil Survey Laboratory. National Soil Survey Center. USDA-NRCS, Lincoln, NE. 2014.
TERMORSHUIZEN, A. J.; VAN RIJN, E.; BLOK, W. J. Phytosanitary risk assessment of composts. Compost Science & Utilization, Philadelphia, v. 13, n. 2, p. 108-115, 2005.
TIAN, J. et al. Labile soil organic matter fractions as influenced by non-flooded mulching cultivation and cropping season in rice - wheat rotation. European Journal of Soil Biology, Braunschweig, v. 56, n. 3, p. 19-25, 2013.
VERHULST, N. et al. Conservation agriculture, improving soil quality for sustainable production systems?, In: Lal, R., Stewart, B. A. (Eds.), Advances in Soil Science: Food Security and Soil Quality. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 137–208. 2010.
VIEIRA, F. C. B. et al. Carbon management index based on physical fractionation of soil organic matter in an Acrisol under long-term no-till cropping systems. Soil and Tillage Research, Netherlands, v. 96, n. 1, p. 195-204, 2007.
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Published
02-12-2016
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Agronomy
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