BOTANICAL IDENTIFICATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY IN MELONS FROM FAMILY FARMING IN THE STATE OF MARANHÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n308rcKeywords:
Botanical variety. Cucumis melo L.. Endogamic progenies.Abstract
The aim of this work was to perform botanical identification and to estimate genetic diversity in two sequential inbred generations (progenies S1 and S2) of melon accessions from traditional agriculture in the state of Maranhão, in order to generate useful information for commercial melon breeding. Two field experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block, using four replicates of 15 accessions from a first selfing cycle in 2013, and three replicates of 25 subaccessions (generation S2) in 2014. Flower and fruit descriptors were measured to obtain quantitative and qualitative data, in addition to a systematized photographic documentation of fruit for visually comparing the progenies S1 and S2. Distance matrices for quantitative and qualitative data were obtained and used to perform a joint analysis and UPGMA method. Large genetic diversity was found in the accessions analysed, since the presence of melon progenies was observed in the Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis, with its botanical varieties momordica and conomom, and of the Cucumis melo ssp. melo, with the botanical varieties cantalupensis and chandalak. Divergence analysis showed the formation of three groups in generation S1 and four groups in S2. However, the groups were not separated either by subspecies or by botanical variety. Thus, in addition to the large genetic diversity among and within melon accessions from family farming in the state of Maranhão, the progenies presented a large introgression of traits of the different subspecies and their botanical varieties due to the reproductive system and seed management of these species.Downloads
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References
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BURGER, Y. et al. Genetic Diversity of Cucumis melo. Horticultural Reviews, Westport, v. 36, n. 1, p. 165-198, 2010.
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CRUZ, C. D.; CARNEIRO, P. C. S. Modelos biométricos aplicados ao melhoramento genético. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2003. 585 p.
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FERGANY, M. et al. Variation in melon (Cucumis melo) landraces adapted to the humid tropics of southern India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Heidelberg, v. 58, n. 2, p. 225-243, 2011.
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NASCIMENTO, Í. J. B. et al. Reaction of melon accessions to crater rot and resistance inheritance. Horticultura Brasileira, Brasília, v. 30, n. 3, p. 459-465, 2012.
PITRAT, M.; HANELT. P.; HAMMER K. Some comments on interspecific classification of cultivars of melon. Acta Horticulturae, Wageningen, v. 510, n. 1, p. 29-36, 2000.
PITRAT, M. Phenotypic diversity in wild and cultivated melons (Cucumis melo). Plant Biotechnology, Tokyo, v. 30, n. 3, p. 273-278, 2013.
PURSEGLOVE, J. W. Tropical crops: Dicotyledons. 3. ed. London: Longman, 1974. 719 p.
QUEIROZ, M. A. Germplasm of cucurbitacae in Brazil. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, Viçosa, v. 4, n. 4, p. 317 - 383, 2004.
R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Áustria. 2012.
ROBINSON, R. W.; DECKER-WALTERS. D. S. Cucurbits. New York: CAB International, 1997, 225 p.
ROY, A. et al. Wild melon diversity in India (Punjab state). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Dordrecht, v. 59, n. 5, p. 755-767, 2012.
SALES JÚNIOR, R. et al. Caracterização morfológica de fontes de resistência de meloeiro a Rhizoctonia solani. Horticultura Brasileira, Brasília, v. 33, n. 2, p. 196-202, 2015.
SANTOS, A. S. Reação de Acessos de melão do BAG de cucurbitáceas para Nordeste brasileiro ao oídio. 2011. 49 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Horticultura Irrigada: Área de Concentração Melhoramento e Manejo de Plantas Hortícolas) – Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, 2011.
SEBASTIAN, P. et al. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo) have numerous wild relatives in Asia and Australia, and the sister species of melon is from Australia. Proceedings National Academy Science USA, Washington, v. 107, n. 32, p. 14269-14273, 2010.
SZAMOSI, C. et al. Morphological evaluation and comparison of Hungarian and Turkish melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, v. 124, n. 2, p. 170-182, 2010.
TANAKA, K. et al. Molecular characterization of south and east Asian melon, Cucumis melo L., and origin of group conomon var. makuwa and var. conomom revealed by RAPD analysis. Euphytica, Wageningen, v. 153, n. 1. p. 233-247, 2006.
TORRES FILHO, J. et al. Caracterização morfológica de acessos de meloeiro coletados no nordeste brasileiro. Revista Caatinga, Mossoró, v. 22, n. 3, p.174-18, 2009.
TRIMECH, R. et al. Genetic variation in Tunisian melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm as assessed by morphological traits. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Dordrecht, v. 60, n. 5, p. 1621-1628, 2013.
VAZ PATTO, M. C. et al. Assessing the genetic diversity of Portuguese maize germoplasm using microsatellite markers. Euphytica, Wageningen, v. 137, n. 1, p. 63-72, 2004.
YILDIZ, M. et al. Use of ISSR, SRAP, and RAPD markers to assess genetic diversity in Turkish melons. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, v. 130, n. 1, p. 349-353, 2011.
AMBRÓSIO, M. M. Q. et al. Screening a variable germplasm collection of Cucumis melo L. for seedling resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina. Euphytica, Wageningen, v. 206, n. 2, p. 1-12, 2015.
ARAGÃO, F. A. S. et al. Genetic divergence among accessions of melon from traditional agriculture of the Brazilian Northeast. Genetics and Molecular Research, Ribeirão Preto, v. 12, n. 4, p. 6356-6371, 2013.
BURGER, Y. et al. Genetic Diversity of Cucumis melo. Horticultural Reviews, Westport, v. 36, n. 1, p. 165-198, 2010.
CORREA, S. M. S. Africanidades na paisagem brasileira. Revista Internacional Interdiscinar Interthesis, Florianópolis, v. 7, n. 1, p. 96-116, 2010.
CRUZ, C. D.; CARNEIRO, P. C. S. Modelos biométricos aplicados ao melhoramento genético. Viçosa, MG: UFV, 2003. 585 p.
CRUZ, C. D. Genes: a software package for analysis in experimental statistics and quantitative genetics. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, Maringá, v. 35, n. 3, p. 271-276, 2013.
DANTAS, A. C. A. et al. Diversity of melon accessions from northeastern Brazil and their relationships with germplasms of diverse origins. Journal American Society Horticulture Science, Mount Vernon, v. 140, n. 5, p. 504-517, 2015.
DHILLON, N. P. S. et al. Diversity among landraces of Indian snapmelon (Cucumis melo var. momordica). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Heidelberg, v. 54, n. 6, p. 1267-1283, 2007.
DOGIMONT, C. 2011 Gene list for melon. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report, Raleigh, NC, n. 33, p. 104-133, 2011.
FERGANY, M. et al. Variation in melon (Cucumis melo) landraces adapted to the humid tropics of southern India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Heidelberg, v. 58, n. 2, p. 225-243, 2011.
GOWER, J. C. A general coefficient of similarity and some of its properties. Bometrics, Arlington, v. 27, n. 4, p. 857-874, 1971.
INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTÁTICA - IBGE. Produção agrícola municipal. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2013. 102 p. Disponível em: <ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Producao_Agricola/Producao_Agricola_Municipal_[anual]/2013/pam2013.pdf > Acessado em: 02 mar. 2014.
INTERNATIONAL PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES INSTITUTE - IPGRI. Descriptors for melon (Cucumis melo L.). Rome: IPGRI. 2003. 65 p. Disponível em: <http://www.bioversityinternational.org/uploads/tx_news/Descriptors_for_melon__Cucumis_melo_L.__906.pdf>. Acessado em: 02 jan. 2013.
JEFFREY, C. Further notes on Cucurbitaceae: V. The Cucurbitaceae of the Indian subcontinent. Kew Bulletin, Kew, v. 34, n. 4, p. 789-809, 1980.
JOHN, K. J. et al. On the occurrence, distribution, taxonomy and genepool relationship of Cucumis callosus (Rottler) Cogn., the wild progenitor of Cucumis melo L. from India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Heidelberg, v. 59, n. 2, p 1-10, 2012.
LUAN, F.; DELANNAY, I.; STAUB, J. E. Chinese melon (Cucumis melo L.) diversity analyses provide strategies for germplasm curation, genetic improvement and evidentiary support of domestication patterns. Euphytica, Wageningen, v, 164, n. 2, p. 445-461, 2008.
MANOHAR, S. H.; MURTHY, H. N. Estimation of phenotypic divergence in a collection of Cucumis melo, including shelf-life of fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, v. 148, n. 1, p. 74-82, 2012.
MINISTÉRIO DA AGRICULTURA E DO ABASTECIMENTO - MAPA. Acervo do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Cucurbitáceas da Embrapa Clima Temperado — 2002 a 2010. Disponível em: <http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/bitstream/doc/884191/1/documentos295.pdf>. Acessado em: 27 fev. 2014.
MOJENA. R. Hierárquical grouping method and stopping rules: an evaluation. Computer Journal, London, v. 20, n. 4, p. 359-363, 1977.
MUNGER, H. M.; ROBINSON, R. W. Nomenclature of Cucumis melo L.. Cucurbit Genetic Cooperative Report, Raleigh, n. 14, p. 43-44, 1991.
NASCIMENTO, Í. J. B. et al. Reaction of melon accessions to crater rot and resistance inheritance. Horticultura Brasileira, Brasília, v. 30, n. 3, p. 459-465, 2012.
PITRAT, M.; HANELT. P.; HAMMER K. Some comments on interspecific classification of cultivars of melon. Acta Horticulturae, Wageningen, v. 510, n. 1, p. 29-36, 2000.
PITRAT, M. Phenotypic diversity in wild and cultivated melons (Cucumis melo). Plant Biotechnology, Tokyo, v. 30, n. 3, p. 273-278, 2013.
PURSEGLOVE, J. W. Tropical crops: Dicotyledons. 3. ed. London: Longman, 1974. 719 p.
QUEIROZ, M. A. Germplasm of cucurbitacae in Brazil. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, Viçosa, v. 4, n. 4, p. 317 - 383, 2004.
R DEVELOPMENT CORE TEAM. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Áustria. 2012.
ROBINSON, R. W.; DECKER-WALTERS. D. S. Cucurbits. New York: CAB International, 1997, 225 p.
ROY, A. et al. Wild melon diversity in India (Punjab state). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Dordrecht, v. 59, n. 5, p. 755-767, 2012.
SALES JÚNIOR, R. et al. Caracterização morfológica de fontes de resistência de meloeiro a Rhizoctonia solani. Horticultura Brasileira, Brasília, v. 33, n. 2, p. 196-202, 2015.
SANTOS, A. S. Reação de Acessos de melão do BAG de cucurbitáceas para Nordeste brasileiro ao oídio. 2011. 49 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Horticultura Irrigada: Área de Concentração Melhoramento e Manejo de Plantas Hortícolas) – Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, 2011.
SEBASTIAN, P. et al. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo) have numerous wild relatives in Asia and Australia, and the sister species of melon is from Australia. Proceedings National Academy Science USA, Washington, v. 107, n. 32, p. 14269-14273, 2010.
SZAMOSI, C. et al. Morphological evaluation and comparison of Hungarian and Turkish melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, v. 124, n. 2, p. 170-182, 2010.
TANAKA, K. et al. Molecular characterization of south and east Asian melon, Cucumis melo L., and origin of group conomon var. makuwa and var. conomom revealed by RAPD analysis. Euphytica, Wageningen, v. 153, n. 1. p. 233-247, 2006.
TORRES FILHO, J. et al. Caracterização morfológica de acessos de meloeiro coletados no nordeste brasileiro. Revista Caatinga, Mossoró, v. 22, n. 3, p.174-18, 2009.
TRIMECH, R. et al. Genetic variation in Tunisian melon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm as assessed by morphological traits. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Dordrecht, v. 60, n. 5, p. 1621-1628, 2013.
VAZ PATTO, M. C. et al. Assessing the genetic diversity of Portuguese maize germoplasm using microsatellite markers. Euphytica, Wageningen, v. 137, n. 1, p. 63-72, 2004.
YILDIZ, M. et al. Use of ISSR, SRAP, and RAPD markers to assess genetic diversity in Turkish melons. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, v. 130, n. 1, p. 349-353, 2011.
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21-03-2017
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