PARASITISM BY VARROA AND Nosema sp. IN BEEHIVES USED FOR APPLE TREE POLLINATION

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n328rc

Keywords:

Apis mellifera. Pollination. Apple trees. Health of hives.

Abstract

The apple tree depends on cross-pollination for adequate fruiting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of parasitism by Varroa destructor mites and the infection rate of Nosema sp. in hives of Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) used in pollinating services in apple orchards in the municipality of Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The study evaluated the sanitation of beehives before, during, and after apple orchard pollination. Natural parasitism by V. destructor and the presence of Nosema sp. spores were evaluated in hives from areas of forest and canola cultivation (in the 2014/2015 harvest), and from areas of forest and eucalyptus reforestation (2015/2016 harvest). In both harvests, the average rate of parasitism in the hives by V. destructor ranged from 3.0 to 6.7%. The levels of parasitism increased during the pollination period in hives from canola-cultivated areas (2014/2015 harvest), but not in those from the forest and eucalyptus reforestation areas. Spores of Nosema sp. were observed in hives in the 2014/2015 harvest but not in the 2015/2016 harvest. The levels of natural parasitism by V. destructor in A. mellifera hives used in pollination services remained low, and was within the levels reported for the southern region of Brazil. Additionally, the levels of Nosema sp. infection in the hives was low.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Mari Inês Carissimi Boff, Departament of Agronomy, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC

Professora

References

BONETI, J. I. S.; KATSURAYAMA, Y.; SANHUEZA, R. M. V. Características e controle da sarna na produção integrada de maçã. In: SANHUEZA, R. M. V.; PROTAS, J. F. S.; FREIRE, J. (Eds.). Manejo Integrado de macieira no sistema de produção integrada de frutas. Bento Gonçalves: Embrapa, 2006. v. 1, cap. 35, p. 33-49.

CHAMBÓ, E. D. et al. Aplicação de inseticida e seus impactos sobre a visitação de abelhas (Apis mellifera L.) no girassol (Helianthus annuus L.). Revista Brasileira de Agroecologia, Porto Alegre, v. 5, n. 1, p. 37-42, 2010.

CLEMENTINO, D. C. et al. Ocorrência da Nosemose em colônias de Apis mellifera L. em apiário no município de Lagoa do Ouro, Microrregião de Garanhuns, Pernambuco. Disponível em: <http://www.cnpa2015.com.br/anais/resumos/R0142-2.PDF>. Acesso em: 13 maio 2016.

DEPRÁ, M. S. et al. Pollination deficit in open-field tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L., Solanaceae) in Rio de Janeiro state, southeast Brazil. Journal of Pollination Ecology, Budapest, v. 12, n. 1, p. 1-8, 2014.

FIORAVANÇO, J. C. et al. Condições Meteorológicas e sua Influência na Safra de Maçã 2009/10 na Região de Vacaria, RS. Bento Gonçalves: EMBRAPA UVA E VINHO, 2010. 8 p. (Comunicado Técnico, 100).

FREITAS, B. M.; ALVES, J. E. Efeito do número de visitas florais da abelha melífera (Apis mellifera L.) na polinização da goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Paluma. Revista Ciência Agronômica, Fortaleza, v. 39, n. 1, p. 148-154, 2008.

FREITAS, B. M.; PINHEIRO, J. N. Efeitos sub-letais dos pesticidas agrícolas e seus impactos no manejo de polinizadores dos agroecossistemas brasileiros. Oecologia Australis, Rio de Janeiro, v. 14, n. 1, p. 282-298, 2010.

GARRATT, M. P. D. et al. Avoiding a bad apple: Insect pollination enhances fruit quality and economic value. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, Histon, v. 184, n. 3, p. 3 4-40, 2014a.

GARRATT, M. P. D. et al. Pollination Deficits In Uk Apple Orchards. Journal of Pollination Ecology, Budapest, v. 12, n. 2, p. 9-14, 2014b.

GIANNINI, T. C. et al. The Dependence of Crops for Pollinators and the Economic Value of Pollination in Brazil. Journal of Economic Entomology, Annapolis, v. 1, n. 3, p. 1-9, 2015.

HARTFELDER, K. Polinizadores do Brasil. Revista Estudos Avançados, São Paulo, v. 27, n. 78, p. 303-306, 2013.

LEE, K. V. et al. Practical sampling plans for Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies and apiaries. Journal of Economic Entomology, Annapolis, v. 103, n. 4, p. 1039-1050, 2010.

MENDOZA, Y. et al. Nosema ceranae and RNA viruses in European and Africanized honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera) in Uruguay. Apidologie, Springer-Verlag, Paris, v. 45, n. 2, p. 224-234, 2013.

MESSAGE, D.; GONÇALVES, L. S. Effect of the size of worker brood cells of Africanized honey bees on infestation and reproduction of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud. Apidologie, Paris, v. 26, n. 5, p. 381-386, 1995.

PARK, M. G. et al. The role of native bees in apple pollination. Archives of Veterinary Science, Curitiba, v. 5, n. 1, p. 89-93, 2010.

PEGORARO, A. et al. Perdas de colônias de Apis mellifera L. no inverno suplementadas com alimentação artificial com pólen e favos de mel. Revista Agrarian, Dourados, v. 6, n. 19, p. 67-74, 2013.

PETRI, J. L. et al. Fenologia de espécies silvestres de macieiras como polinizadoras das cultivares Gala e Fuji. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v. 30, n. 4, p. 868-874, 2008.

PETTIS, J. S. et al. Crop Pollination Exposes Honey Bees to Pesticides Which Alters Their Susceptibility to the Gut Pathogen Nosema ceranae. PloS ONE, California, v. 8, n. 7, p. 1-9, 2013.

PICCIRILLO, G. A.; DE JONG, D. The influence of brood comb cell size on the reproductive behavior of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor in Africanized honeybee colonies. Genetic and Molecular Research, Ribeirão Preto, v. 2, n. 1, p. 36-42, 2003.

SANTOS, R. S. S. et al. Visita floral de Apis mellifera L. em diferentes clones de cultivares de maçãs Gala e Fuji e sua relação com variáveis meteorológicas em Vacaria, RS, Brasil. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, La Platana, v. 112, n. 2, p. 114-122, 2013.

SANTOS, L. G. et al. Honey Bee Health in Apiaries in the Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. Sociobiology, Feira de Santana, v. 61, n. 3, p. 307-312, 2014.

SHEFFIELD, C. S. Pollination, seed set and fruit quality in apple: studies with Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the Annapolis valley, Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Pollination Ecology, Toronto, v. 12, n. 13, p. 120-128, 2014.

TORRES, R. N. S.; BARRETO, M. R. Incidência de Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) em Criação de Abelhas com Ferrão na Região de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Entomo Brasilis, Vassouras, v. 6, n. 1, p. 30-33, 2013.

TURCATTO, A. P. et al. Infestação pelo Ácaro Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) em operárias adultas e em células de cria de abelhas africanizadas Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) na região de Franca-SP. Entomo Brasilis, Vassouras, v. 5, n. 3, p. 198-203, 2012.

WILLIAMS, G. R. et al. The microsporidian Nosema ceranae, the antibiotic Fumagilin-B, and western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony strength; Apidologie, Paris, v. 42, n. 10, p. 12-22, 2011.

Downloads

Published

28-05-2018

Issue

Section

Technical Note