NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM IN SAFFLOWER: CHLOROPHYLL INDEX, BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY

Authors

  • Ellen Cristina Alves de Anicésio Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT
  • Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT
  • Tonny José Araújo da Silva Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT
  • Adriano Bicioni Pacheco Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis, MT

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n219rc

Keywords:

Carthamus tinctorius L.. Fertilization. Plant production.

Abstract

Safflower crops is usually intended for production of seeds to oil extraction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chlorophyll index, biometric characteristics and water use efficiency of safflower plants grown under different nitrogen and potassium rates and controlled soil water tension. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in pots containing 8 dm3 of a Oxisol. A complete randomized block experimental design in a 5x5 factorial arrangement was used, with four replications, consisting of five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mg dm-3) and five potassium rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3). The safflower number of leaves, stem diameter, chlorophyll index, number of capitula, shoot, root and total dry weights, water consumption and water use efficiency were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (F test) at 5% of probability and to polynomial regression. The nitrogen and potassium fertilization, as independent factors, affected the safflower plants. The chlorophyll index, biometric characteristics and water use efficiency of safflower showed better responses under nitrogen rates of 82 to 168 mg dm-3. The responses of chlorophyll index, biometric characteristics and water use efficiency of safflower increased 10 to 60% with potassium fertilization.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ABBADI, J.; GERENDAS, J.; SATTELMACHER, B. Effects of potassium supply on growth and yield of safflower as compared to sunflower. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Tharandt, v. 171, n. 2, p. 272-280, 2008.

AIYELAAGBE, I. O. O.; FAGBAYIDE J. A.; MAKINDE, A. I. Effects of N fertilization on the vegetative growth of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) seedlings. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Helsink, v. 3, n. 3-4, p. 62-64, 2005.

ANICÉSIO, E. C. A. et al. Dry mass, nutrient concentration and accumulation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) influenced by nitrogen and potassium fertilizations. Australian Journal of Crop Science, Lismore, v. 9, n. 6, p. 552-560, 2015.

BISCARO, G. A. et al. Adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no girassol irrigado nas condições de Cassilândia-MS. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, Lavras, v. 32, n. 5, p. 1366-1373, 2008.

BONFIM-SILVA, E. M.; MONTEIRO, F. A.; SILVA, T. J. A. Nitrogênio e enxofre na produção e no uso de água pelo capim braquiária em degradação. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 31, n. 2, p. 309-317, 2007.

BONFIM-SILVA, E. M. et al. Development of Safflower Subjected to Nitrogen Rates in Cerrado Soil. American Journal of Plant Sciences, Starkville, v. 6, n. 13, p. 2136- 2143, 2015.

CANTARELLA, H. Nitrogênio. In: NOVAIS, R. F. et al. (Eds.). Fertilidade do solo. Viçosa: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2007. v. 1, cap. 7, p. 375-470.

COELHO, R. I. et al. Resposta à adubação com uréia, cloreto de potássio e ácido bórico em mudas do abacaxizeiro ‘Smooth Cayenne’. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v. 29, n. 1, p. 161-165, 2007.

CRUZ, J. L. et al. Níveis de nitrogênio e a taxa fotossintética do mamoeiro “Golden”. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 37, n. 1, p. 64-71, 2007.

DORDAS, C. A.; SIOULAS, C. Safflower yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency response to nitrogen fertilization under rainfed conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, Phoenix, v. 27, n. 1, p. 75-85, 2008.

DORDAS, C. A.; SIOULAS C. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, partitioning, and retranslocation in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as affected by nitrogen fertilization. Field Crops Research, Amsterdam, v. 110, n. 1, p. 35–43, 2009.

EBRAHIMIAN, A.; SOLEYMANI, A. Growth length and dry matter yield in different stages of safflower as affected by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, London, v. 4, n. 5, p. 963-969, 2013.

EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA - EMBRAPA. Manual de métodos de análises de solo. 2. ed. rev. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Embrapa Solos, 2011. 230 p.

EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA - EMBRAPA. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. 3. ed. ver. ampl. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2013. 353 p.

EPSTEIN, E.; BLOOM, A. J. Nutrição mineral de plantas: princípios e perspectivas. 2. ed. Londrina, PR: Ed. Plantas, 2006. 403 p.

ESHEL, A.; WAISEL, Y. Multiform and multifunction of various constituents of one root system. In: WAISEL, Y.; ESHEL, A.; KAFKAFI, U. (Eds.) Plant roots: The hidden half. 2. ed. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1996. p. 175-19.

FARQUHAR, G. D.; SHARKEY, T. D. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, Palo Alto, v. 33, n. 1, p. 317-345, 1982.

GILBERT, N. W.; TUCKER, T. C. Growth, yield, and yield components of safflower as affected by source, rate and time of application of nitrogen. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 59, n. 1, p. 54–55, 1967.

HUSSIEN, L. A.; WUHAIB, K. M. The relationship between root growth and yield in safflower influenced by irrigation interval and potassium levels. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Baghdad, v. 41, n. 3, p. 30-45, 2010.

IGBAL, N. et al. Exogenously-sourced ethylene increases stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and growth under optimal and deficient nitrogen fertilization in mustard. Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster, v. 62, n. 14, p. 4955-4963, 2011.

JONES, J. P.; TUCKER, T. C. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield nitrogen content and yield components of safflower. Agronomy Journal, Madison, v. 60, n. 4, p. 363-364, 1968.

MALAVOLTA, E.; VITTI, G. C.; OLIVEIRA, S. A. O. Avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas: princípios e aplicações. 2. ed. Piracicaba, SP: Potafós, 1997. 201 p.

MARSCHNER, H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. London: Academic Press, 1986. 647 p.

PALIZDAR, M.; DELKHOSH, B.; SHIRANI RAD, A. H. Effect of irrigation regimes on agronomic traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under different levels of K fertilization. Plant Ecophysiology, Jiroft Branch, v. 3. n. 1, p. 15-21, 2011.

PIMENTEL, C. A relação da planta com a água. Seropédica, RJ: EDUR, 2004. 192 p.

PRETTY, K. M. O potássio e a qualidade da produção agrícola. In: YAMADA, T. et al. (Eds.). Potássio na agricultura brasileira. Piracicaba: POTAFOS, 1982. v. 1, cap. 11, p. 177-194.

REICHARDT, K. A água na produção agrícola. São Paulo, SP: McGraw-Hill do Brasil, 1978. 119 p.

SAS INSTITUTE. SAS: user’s guide statistics. 9th Ed. Cary, 2002, 943 p.

SHAHROKHNIA, M. H.; SEPASKHAH, A. R. Effects of irrigation strategies, planting methods and nitrogen fertilization on yield, water and nitrogen efficiencies of safflower. Agricultural Water Management, Amsterdam, v. 172, p. 18-30, 2016.

TAIZ, L.; ZEIGER, E. Fisiologia vegetal. 5. ed. Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed, 2013. 918 p.

WENDLING, A. et al. Recomendação de adubação potássica para o trigo, milho e soja sob sistema de plantio direto no Paraguai. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 32, n. 5, p. 1929-1939, 2008.

Downloads

Published

06-04-2018

Issue

Section

Agricultural Engineering