HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSES OF A WATERSHED TO VEGETATION CHANGES IN A TROPICAL SEMIARID REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n119rcKeywords:
Runoff. Thinning. Rainfall depths.Abstract
The objective of this work was to assess the effect of vegetation on the runoff coefficients of a Caatinga dry tropical forest before and after thinning. Thus, an experiment was conducted with evaluations in three hydrological years (2008, 2011 and 2013) in Iguatu, State of Ceará, Brazil. In 2008, the vegetation consisted of a 30-year regenerating Caatinga forest. The vegetation was subjected to thinning in 2009, 2011 and 2013, removing trees with less than 10-cm diameter at breast height. Hydrological responses were evaluated as a function of daily precipitation water depths, based on cumulative frequency distribution, by dividing precipitation events into three classes (CP) (CP≤30, 3050 mm). Significant differences between runoff coefficients before and after vegetation thinning were assessed through the Student's t-test (p<0.01). Before thinning (2008), CP≤30 mm showed the highest runoff coefficient, differing statistically (p<0.01) from the other years. The results of precipitation events of great magnitude (CP>50 mm) indicate that the runoff is greatly dependent on rainfall characteristics and soil moisture conditions. The greater development of herbaceous vegetation due to thinning reduced the surface runoff.Downloads
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References
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ZHANG, Z. B. et al. Characteristics of cracks in two paddy soils and their impacts on preferential flow. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 228, n. 4, p. 114-121, 2014.
ANDRADE, E. M. et al. Uncertainties of the rainfall regime in a tropical semi-arid region: the case of the State of Ceará. Revista Agro@mbiente On-line, Boa Vista, v. 10, n. 2, p. 88-95, 2016.
ARAÚJO FILHO, J. A. Manipulação da vegetação lenhosa da caatinga para fins pastoris. 1. ed. Sobral: EMBRAPA-CNPC, 1992. 18 p. (Circular Técnica, 11).
ARAÚJO, J. C.; GUNTNER, A.; BRONSTET, A. Loss of reservoir volume by sediment deposition and its impact on water availability in semiarid Brazil. Hydrological Sciences Journal, Oxoford, v. 51, n. 1, p. 157-170, 2006.
BERTOL, I. et al. Aspectos financeiros relacionados as perdas de nutrientes por erosão hídrica em diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo. Revista Brasileira de Ciências do Solo, Viçosa, v. 31, n. 1, p. 133-142, 2007.
CANTÓN, Y. et al. A review of runoff generation and soil erosion across scales in semiarid south-eastern Spain. Journal of Arid Environments, Amsterdam, v. 75, n. 1, p. 1254-1261, 2011.
CASERMEIRO, M. A. et al. Influence of scrubs on runoff and sediment loss in soils of Mediterranean climate. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 57, n. 1, p. 91-107. 2004.
CHAMIZO, S. et al. Runoff at contrasting scales in a semiarid ecosystem: A complex balance between biological soil crust features and rainfall characteristics. Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, v. 452, n. 2, p. 130-138, 2012.
COSANDEY, C. et al. The hydrological impact of the Mediterranean forest: a review of French research. Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, v. 301, n. 1, p. 235-249, 2005.
FANG, N. et al. The effects of rainfall regimes and land use changes on runoff and soil loss in a small mountainous watershed. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 99, n. 1, p. 1-8, 2012.
GUERREIRO, M. J. S. et al. Long-term variation of precipitation indices in Ceará State, Northeast Brazil. International Journal of Climatology, Londres, v. 33, n. 1, p. 2929-2939, 2013.
JOST, G. et al. A hillslope scale comparison of tree species influence on soil moisture dynamics and runoff processes during intense rainfall. Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, v. 420, n. 2, p. 112-124, 2012.
LA TORRE TORRES, I. B. et al. Seasonal rainfall–runoff relationships in a lowland forested watershed in the southeastern USA. Hydrological Processes, Malden, v. 25, n. 13, p. 2032-2045, 2011.
LIU, R. et al. Runoff characteristics and nutrient loss mechanism from plain farmland under simulated rainfall conditions. Science of the Total Environment, Amsterdam, v. 468, n. 3, p. 1069-1077, 2014.
MILES, L. et al. A global overview of the conservation status of tropical dry forests. Journal of Biogeography, Malden, v. 33, n. 3, p. 491-505. 2006.
MONTENEGRO, A. A. A. et al. Impact of mulching on soil and water dynamics under intermittent simulated rainfall. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 109, n. 1, p. 139-149, 2013.
MUÑOZ-ROBLES, C. et al. Soil hydrological and erosional responses in patches and inter-patches in vegetation states in semiarid Australia. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 160, n. 3, p. 524-534, 2011.
OLIVEIRA, J. B.; ALVES, J. J.; FRANÇA, F. M. C. Barragem subterrânea-Cartilhas temáticas tecnologias e práticas hidroambientais para convivência com o Semiárido. 1. ed. Fortaleza, CE: Secretaria dos Recursos Hídricos, 2010. 31 p.
PENG, T.; WANG, S. Effects of land use, land cover and rainfall regimes on the surface runoff and soil loss on karst slopes in southwest China. Catena, Amsterdam v. 90, n. 1, p. 53-62, 2012.
RODRIGUES, J. O. et al. Sediment loss in semiarid small watershed due to the land use. Revista Ciência Agronômica, Fortaleza, v. 44, n. 3, p. 488-498, 2013.
ROTENBERG, E.; YAKIR, D. Contribution of Semiarid forests to the climate system. Science, Washington, v. 327, n. 5964, p. 451-454, 2010.
SANTOS, H. G. et al. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. 3. ed. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 2013. p. 353.
SANTOS, J. C. N. et al. Effect of dry spells and soil cracking on runoff generation in a semiarid micro watershed under land use change. Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, v. 541, n. 1-4, p. 1057-1066, 2016.
SILVA, V. D. P. R; PEREIRA, E. R. R; ALMEIDA, R. S. R. Estudo da Variabilidade Anual e Intra-Anual da Precipitação na Região Nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, São José dos Campos, v. 27, n. 2, p. 163-172, 2012.
ZHANG, Z. B. et al. Characteristics of cracks in two paddy soils and their impacts on preferential flow. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 228, n. 4, p. 114-121, 2014.
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11-12-2017
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