EROSIVE PROCESS CONTROL IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n319rcKeywords:
Hydrology. Water erosion. Sediment yield.Abstract
The adoption of measures to prevent and control erosive processes requires information about the factors affecting the erosion and the sediment transport conditions. However, the sediment yield of a basin depends on the availability of eroded material and the sediment transport capacity. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the factors that affect the sediment transport capacity at different spatial scales in an area with caatinga vegetation. The study was carried out in the Iguatu Experimental Basin, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, from 2009 to 2014, by monitoring two scale levels: watershed with 2.06 ha, and erosion plot with 20 m². The variables evaluated for the rainfall events were precipitation, intensity of rainfall, antecedent soil moisture, precipitation of the antecedent five days, consecutive dry days, peak flow, runoff depth, and sediment yield. During the study period, 263 rainfall events (>2 mm) and 86 events generating runoff were recorded. Three Principal Components (PC) were developed using the Principal Component Analysis, which explained more than 79% of the total variance. Variables connected to the kinetic energy capacity of the rainfall to disaggregate soil particles, the energy for sediment transport, and the soil water content were framed in the CP1, CP2, and CP3, respectively. In the evaluated scales, the sediment yield presented a high correlation with the runoff depth, which indicates limiting conditions for sediment yield by the mass flow energy.Downloads
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References
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WANG, X. et al. Assessment of soil erosion change and its relationships with land use/cover change in China from the end of the 1980s to 2010. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 137, n. 3, p. 256–268, 2016.
WEI, W. et al. Effects of surficial condition and rainfall intensity on runoff in a loess hilly area, China. Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, v. 513, n. 2, p. 115-126, 2014.
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ZHANG, Z. B. et al. Characteristics of cracks in two paddy soils and their impacts on preferential flow. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 228, n. 4, p. 114–121, 2014.
AMANAJÁS, J. C.; BRAGA, C. C. Padrões espaço-temporal pluviométricos na Amazônia oriental utilizando Análise multivariada. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, São José dos Campos, v. 27, n. 4, p. 423-434, 2012.
ANDRADE, E. M. et al. Fatores determinantes da qualidade das águas superficiais na bacia do Alto Acaraú, Ceará, Brasil. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 37, n. 6, p. 1791-1797, 2007.
ANDRADE, E. M. et al. Land use effects in groundwater composition of an alluvial aquifer (Trussu River, Brazil) by multivariate techniques. Environmental Research, Amsterdam, v. 106, n. 2, p. 170-177, 2008.
BAKKER, M. M. et al. Soil erosion as a driver of land-use change. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Amsterdam, v. 105, n. 3, p. 467–481, 2005.
CAMMERAAT, L. H. A review of two strongly contrasting geomorphological systems within the context of scale. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Medford, v. 27, n. 11, p. 1201–1222, 2002.
CERDAN, O. et al. Rates and spatial variations of soil erosion in Europe: A study based on erosion plot data. Geomorphology, Amsterdam, v. 122, n. 1, p. 167-177, 2010.
DE ARAÚJO, J. C.; GUENTNER, A.; BRONSTERT, A. Loss of reservoir volume by sediment deposition and its impact on water availability in semiarid Brazil. Hydrological Sciences Journal, Oxoford, v. 51, n. 1, p. 157-170, 2006.
ELMI, A. A. et al. Water and fertilizer nitrogen management to minimize nitrate pollution from a cropped soil in southwestern Quebec, Canada. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, Dordrecht, v. 151, n. 1, p. 117-134, 2004.
FOSTER, G. R. et al. Conservation of the Universal Soil Loss Equation the SI metric units. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, Ankeny, v. 36, n. 6, p. 355-359, 1981.
FRYIRS, K. A. et al. Buffers, barriers and blankets: the (dis) connectivity of catchment-scale sediment cascades. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 70, n. 1, p. 49-68, 2007.
GARCIA-ESTRINGANA, P. et al. Use of Mediterranean legume shrubs to control soil erosion and runoff in central Spain. A large-plot assessment under natural rainfall conducted during the stages of shrub establishment and subsequent colonization. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 102, n. 1, p. 3–12, 2013.
GONZÁLEZ-HIDALGO, J. C.; BATALLA, R. J.; CERDA, A. Catchment size and contribution of the largest daily events to suspended sediment load on the continental scale. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 102, n. 1, p. 40–45, 2013.
GUEDES, R. S. et al. Análise em componentes principais da precipitação pluvial no estado do Piauí e agrupamento pelo método de Ward. Revista de Geografia, Recife, v. 27, n. 1, p. 218-233, 2010.
MEDEIROS, P. H. A. et al. Modelling spatio-temporal patterns of sediment yield and connectivity in a semi-arid catchment with the WASA-SED model. Hydrological Sciences Journal, Oxoford, v. 55, n. 4, p. 636-648, 2010.
MOITA NETO, J. M. Uma introdução à análise exploratória de dados multivariados. Química Nova, São Paulo, v. 24, n. 4, p 467-469, 1997.
NORUSIS, M. J. SPSS Base System user’s guide. Chicago: SPSS, 1990. 520 p.
PALÁCIO, H. A. Q. Índice de qualidade das águas na parte baixa da bacia hidrográfica do rio Trussu, Ceará. 2004. 96 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola: Área de concentração em Irrigação e Drenagem) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2004.
PENG, T.; WANG, S. Effects of land use, land cover and rainfall regimes on the surface runoff and soil loss on karst slopes in southwest China. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 90, n. 2, p. 53–62, 2012.
POESEN, J. et al. Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 50, n. 2, p. 91–133, 2003.
SANTOS, J. C. N. et al. Land use and trophic state dynamics in a tropical semiarid reservoir. Revista Ciência Agronômica, Fortaleza, v. 45, n. 1, p. 35-44, 2014.
SANTOS, J. C. N. et al. Effect of dry spells and soil cracking on runoff generation in a semiarid micro watershed under land use change. Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, v. 541, n. 4, p. 1057-1066, 2016.
SANTOS, J. C. N. et al. Land use impact on soil erosin at different scales in the Brazilian semi-arid. Revista Ciência Agronômica, Fortaleza, v. 48, n. 2, p. 251-260, 2017.
TAYFUR, G. et al. Coupling soil moisture and precipitation observations for predicting hourly runoff at small catchment scale. Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, v. 510, n. 3, p. 363–371, 2014.
WANG, X. et al. Assessment of soil erosion change and its relationships with land use/cover change in China from the end of the 1980s to 2010. Catena, Amsterdam, v. 137, n. 3, p. 256–268, 2016.
WEI, W. et al. Effects of surficial condition and rainfall intensity on runoff in a loess hilly area, China. Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, v. 513, n. 2, p. 115-126, 2014.
WISCHMEIER, W. H.; SMITH, D. D. Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning. Washington: USDA, 1978. 58 p. (Agriculture Handbook, 537).
ZHANG, Z. B. et al. Characteristics of cracks in two paddy soils and their impacts on preferential flow. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 228, n. 4, p. 114–121, 2014.
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Published
28-05-2018
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Agricultural Engineering
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