NITROGEN RATES AND SIDE-DRESSING TIMING ON SWEET CORN SEED PRODUCTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n210rcKeywords:
Zea mays. Yield. Protein content. Germination. Vigor.Abstract
Sweet corn is an important crop because of its seeds with high total sugar and low starch contents. As common corn, this group requires an adequate amount of nitrogen to reach high yields. However, the studies on nitrogen and sweet corn are performed for ear yield instead of seed yield. As seeds are the main propagation method for this species, we proposed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen rates as side-dressing at different plant stages of a sweet corn seed production. Sweet corn seeds (variety BR 400) were sown in Latosol (Oxisol), and a 3×2+1 factorial scheme was designed with three nitrogen rates (40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) at two plant stages (V6 and R1) plus the control (no nitrogen side-dressing). The evaluated variables were seed yield, protein content, P and Zn contents, germination, and vigor rates. We concluded that nitrogen applied at a rate of 120 kg ha-1 at V6 increases seed yield and maintains unaltered the protein content in seeds of sweet corn (BR 400 variety). Neither germination nor seed vigor increases when nitrogen rates are increased or administered at different stages of plant development. We also noted a slight decrease in P content or an increase in Zn content of seeds at low nitrogen rates; however, they are insufficient to promote changes in the physiological potential of sweet corn seeds.Downloads
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References
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WHITE, P. J.; VENEKLAAS, E. J. Nature and nurture: the importance of seed phosphorus content. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 357, n. 1–2, p. 1–8, 2012.
WILSON-JUNIOR, D. O.; MOHAN, S. K. Unique seed quality problems of sh2 sweet corn. Seed Technology, Lincoln, v. 20, n. 2, p. 176–186, 1998.
ZUCARELI, C. et al. Doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho doce. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, Londrina, v. 34, n. 3, p. 480–487, 2012.
ALSCHER, R. G.; ERTURK, N.; HEATH, L. S. Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. Journal of experimental botany, Oxford, v. 53, n. 372, p. 1331–41, 2002.
BARROS-RIOS, J. et al. Biomass, sugar, and bioethanol potential of sweet corn. GCB Bioenergy, Malden, v. 7, n. 1, p. 153–160, 2015.
BEWLEY, J. D. et al. Seeds: physiology of development, germination and dormancy. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. 392 p.
BOONCHUAY, P. et al. Effect of different foliar zinc application at different growth stages on seed zinc concentration and its impact on seedling vigor in rice. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Tokyo, v. 59, n. 2, p. 180–188, 2013.
BRASIL. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Regras para análise de sementes. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária. Brasília: MAPA/ACS, 2009. 399 p.
CRUZ, C. A. et al. Influence of amount and parceling of nitrogen fertilizer on productivity and industrial revenue of sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Australian Journal of Crop Science, Melbourne, v. 9, n. 10, p. 895–900, 2015.
IUSS WORKING GROUP WRB. World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015 international soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. WORLD SOIL ed. Rome: FAO, 2015. 203 p.
JHA, S. K.; SINGH, N. K.; AGRAWAL, P. K. Complementation of sweet corn mutants: a method for grouping sweet corn genotypes. Journal of Genetics, Bangalore, v. 95, n. 1, p. 183–187, 2016.
JIN, T. et al. The genetic architecture of zinc and iron content in maize grains as revealed by QTL mapping and meta-analysis. Breeding Science, Tokyo, v. 63, n. 3, p. 317–24, 2013.
JIN, X. et al. Effects of nitrogen stress on the photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence, and sugar-nitrogen ratio in corn. Scientific Reports, London, v. 5, s/n., p. 1-9, 2015.
KWIATKOWSKI, A.; CLEMENTE, E.; SCAPIM, C. A. Agronomic traits and chemical composition of single hybrids of sweet corn. Horticultura Brasileira, Brasília, v. 29, n. 4, p. 531–536, 2011.
LEAL, A. J. F. et al. Adubação nitrogenada para milho com o uso de plantas de cobertura e modos de aplicação de calcário. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 37, n. 2, p. 491–501, 2013.
MALAVOLTA, E.; VITTI, G. C.; OLIVEIRA, S. A. Avaliação do estado nutricional das plantas: princípios e aplicações. 2. ed. Piracicaba, SP: Potafós, 1997. 319 p.
OKUMURA, R. S. et al. Effects of nitrogen rates and timing of nitrogen topdressing applications on the nutritional and agronomic traits of sweet corn. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Helsinki, v. 12, n. 2, p. 391–398, 2014.
OLIVEIRA, E. L. Milho. In: OLIVEIRA, E. L. (Ed.). Sugestão de adubação e calagem para culturas de interesse econômico no estado do Paraná. Londrina: IAPAR, 2003. v. 1, cap. 09, p. 22–23.
RENGEL, Z.; GRAHAM, R. D. Importance of seed Zn content for wheat growth on Zn-deficient soil. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 173, n. 2, p. 259–266, 1995.
REYES, F. C. et al. Delivery of prolamins to the protein storage vacuole in maize aleurone cells. The Plant Cell, Rockville, v. 23, n. 2, p. 769–84, 2011.
RITCHIE, S. W.; HANWAY, J. J.; BENSON, G. O. How a corn plant develops. Special Re ed. Ames: Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 1993. 21 p.
SANTOS, P. M. et al. Avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho-doce pelo teste de envelhecimento acelerado. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, Londrina, v. 24, n. 1, p. 91-96, 2002.
SCHAARSCHMIDT, F.; VAAS, L. Analysis of Trials with Complex Treatment Structure Using Multiple Contrast Tests. Hort Science, Alexandria, v. 44, n. 1, p. 188–195, 2009.
SHARIFI, R. S.; NAMVAR, A. Effects of time and rate of nitrogen application on phenology and some agronomical traits of maize (Zea mays L.). Biologija, Gedimino, v. 62, n. 1, p. 35–45, 2016.
SILVA, P. R. F. et al. Grain yield and kernel crude protein content increases of maize hybrids with late nitrogen side-dressing. Scientia Agricola, Piracicaba, v. 62, n. 5, p. 487–492, 2005.
VALDERRAMA, M. et al. Adubação nitrogenada na cultura do milho com ureia revestida por diferentes fontes de polímeros. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 35, n. 2, p. 659, 2014.
WHITE, P. J.; VENEKLAAS, E. J. Nature and nurture: the importance of seed phosphorus content. Plant and Soil, The Hague, v. 357, n. 1–2, p. 1–8, 2012.
WILSON-JUNIOR, D. O.; MOHAN, S. K. Unique seed quality problems of sh2 sweet corn. Seed Technology, Lincoln, v. 20, n. 2, p. 176–186, 1998.
ZUCARELI, C. et al. Doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho doce. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, Londrina, v. 34, n. 3, p. 480–487, 2012.
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06-04-2018
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