ASPECTOS FISIOLÓGICOS E BIOQUÍMICOS EM VARIEDADES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR SUBMETIDAS A ESTRESSE SALINO

Welson Lima Simões; Daniela Siqueira Coelho; Alessandro Carlos Mesquita; Marcelo Calgaro; Jucicléia Soares da Silva

doi:10.1590/1983-21252019v32n423rc

Authors

Welson Lima Simões Embrapa Semiárido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Petrolina, PE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-9410
Daniela Siqueira Coelho 3Instituto do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos, Juazeiro, BA
Alessandro Carlos Mesquita Department of Technology and Social Sciences, Campus III, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, BA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-1676
Marcelo Calgaro Embrapa Semiárido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Petrolina, PE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4995-5946
Jucicléia Soares da Silva Embrapa Semiárido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Petrolina, PE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-0326

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n423rc

Keywords:

Gas Exchange. Saccharum officinarum. Carbohydrates. Salinity.

Abstract

Salt stress is one of the most limiting environmental factors for agricultural yields in the Semiarid region of Brazil. Considering the expansion of areas with sugarcane crops in this region, the selection of more adapted plant varieties to this environment is an essential tool for the sustainability of this activity. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of plants of ten sugarcane varieties to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design, in a 6×10 factorial arrangement consisting of six salinity levels in the irrigation water (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dS m^-1) and ten sugarcane varieties (VAT 90212, RB 72454, RB 867515, Q 124, RB 961003, RB 957508, SP 791011, RB 835089, RB 92579, and SP 943206), with three replications. Salt waters were applied every two days to increase the soil moisture to field capacity and promote leaching. The gas exchange, chlorophyll content, and total soluble and reducing sugars of leaves were evaluated at 90 days after planting. The highest chlorophyll contents were found in plants of the varieties Q 124, RB 96103, RB 835089, and SP 943206. The effect of salinity on the sugarcane plants affected their leaf gas exchanges and total soluble and reducing sugar contents, denoting the adaptability of plants to the stress conditions evaluated. The decrease of stomatal conductance resulted in decreases in photosynthetic rates in plants of all sugarcane varieties evaluated, except for RB 867515.

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