PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DEFENSES OF Cenostigma pyramidale (FABACEAE): A PIONEER SPECIES IN SUCCESSIONAL CAATINGA AREAS

Izabella Maria Cintra Ribeiro; Emília Cristina Pereira de Arruda; Antonio Fernando Morais de Oliveira; Jarcilene Silva de Almeida

doi:10.1590/1983-21252021v34n216rc

Authors

Izabella Maria Cintra Ribeiro Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-6153
Emília Cristina Pereira de Arruda Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1422-2486
Antonio Fernando Morais de Oliveira Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-9345
Jarcilene Silva de Almeida Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-7090

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n216rc

Keywords:

Catingueira. Leaf anatomy. Secondary compounds. Leguminosae. Secondary succession.

Abstract

Cenostigma pyramidale, a pioneer species presents in all different successional stage (early, intermediate and late) of fifteen natural regeneration areas of Caatinga after land used changed and abandonment was used to investigates the morphological and physiological attributes that are very important to xeromorphic conditions as against herbivories. Leaf samples were collected to evaluate the percentage of the herbivory and index of sclerophylly. Anatomy, histochemistry, total phenolic content, epicuticular wax load, and n-alkanes profile were also performed. The results showed an inverse relationship between the percentage of herbivory and the index of sclerophylly. The leaves showed typical morphological and anatomical characteristics of xeric environments plants such as uniseriate epidermis and trichomes. Furthermore, it was also noticed a decrease in the overall thickness and the tissues according to the advancement of the successional stages. The histochemical revealed the presence of lipidic substances coating the epidermal layers, phenolics compounds stored in secretory structures, and starch in the mesophyll. The concentration of phenolics compounds indicating the difference from health leaves of plants between different stages of regeneration, but no difference when they were herbivored. The amount of cuticle wax did not change significantly with the successional stage. The profile of n-alkanes was characterized by the predominance of nonacosane (C29) and hentriacontane (C31). The C29 content decreases with the advancement of the successional stage, while the C31 content increases. All those attributes have a role to protect the plants to acclimate to the various environmental conditions of Caatinga.

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