Morphophysiology and inorganic solutes in watermelon irrigated with brackish water in different planting systems

Francisco Barroso da Silva Junior; Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda; Geocleber Gomes de Sousa; Jonnathan Richeds da Silva Sales; Andreza de Melo Mendonça

doi:10.1590/1983-21252023v36n411rc

Authors

Francisco Barroso da Silva Junior Department of Soil Sciences, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9203-3886
Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-8195
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa Rural Development Institute, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-6458
Jonnathan Richeds da Silva Sales Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-719X
Andreza de Melo Mendonça Department of Phytotechnics, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6296-2526

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n411rc

Keywords:

Citrullus lanatus. Salinity. Acclimation.

Abstract

Irrigation with brackish water reduces watermelon yield in the Brazilian semiarid region, requiring the establishment of management strategies that reduce the negative impacts caused by salt stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiology and concentration of inorganic solutes in watermelon crops subjected to different electrical conductivities of the irrigation water, using hardened seedlings or direct sowing. The experiment was conducted in the Baixo Acarau Irrigated Perimeter, in the state of Ceara, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used, with split plots and four replications. The plots consisted of four electrical conductivity levels of the irrigation water (0.3, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 dS m^-1), and the subplots consisted of three planting systems: DS = direct sowing; TP1 = transplanting of seedlings produced with moderate-salinity water (1.5 dS m^-1), and TP2 = transplanting of seedlings produced with low-salinity water (0.3 dS m^-1). The following variables were analyzed: vegetative growth, leaf gas exchange, and inorganic solutes. The use of watermelon seedlings produced with moderate-salinity water does not result in higher salt tolerance during the vegetative growth stage. Na⁺, Cl^-, and Ca²⁺ leaf concentrations increase as the salt stress level is increased, regardless of the planting method. However, plants from seedlings (TP1 and TP2) have higher Na⁺ and Cl^- concentrations when subjected to high salinity levels. The direct sowing method resulted in better performance of growth variables, mainly under low salinity levels.

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