Response of sunflower genotypes to postemergence herbicides: phytosociology, selectivity, agronomic performance, and oil quality
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252026v3914196rcKeywords:
Helianthus annuus. Weed community. Phytotoxicity. Chemical control. Crop yield.Abstract
Weed interference is a major constraint on sunflower productivity. This study aimed to identify and quantify the main weed species associated with different sunflower genotypes and to evaluate the effects of postemergence herbicide application on herbicide selectivity, agronomic traits, and oil composition under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Nova Andradina, MS, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement and four replications. The main plots consisted of three sunflower genotypes (Altis 99, Hélio 250, and BRS 323), while the subplots consisted of applications of fomesafen, clethodim, and chlorimuron-ethyl at 22 days after emergence (DAE), along with two controls (weeded and non-weeded). A phytosociological survey was conducted 20 days after crop emergence. Evaluations included visual phytotoxicity, plant height, head insertion height, head diameter, 1,000-achene weight, yield, and oil quality. The phytosociological survey revealed a predominance of species from the Poaceae family. Cenchrus echinatus had the highest relative importance values across the sunflower genotypes. Clethodim showed high selectivity and did not compromise agronomic traits. Fomesafen and chlorimuron-ethyl reduced plant performance, particularly in the BRS 323 genotype. Oil quality was not affected by the herbicide treatments. In conclusion, Poaceae species, particularly C. echinatus, predominated in the weed community. Clethodim proved selective and effective, whereas fomesafen and chlorimuron-ethyl reduced crop performance without affecting oil quality.
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