Salt stress and water stress in maize cultivation in the semi-arid region

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252026v3915204rc

Keywords:

Zea mays L.. Salinity. Water deficit.

Abstract

Water deficit associated with salt stress can affect maize (Zea mays L.) yield. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the yield aspects of maize irrigated with lower- and higher-salinity water and under suppression intervals. The experiment was carried out at the Piroás Experimental Farm, Redenção, Ceará, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, with the first factor being two levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.8 and 3.0 dS m-1) and the second factor being four suppression intervals (NS: no suppression intervals; SI10 = suppression intervals from 40 to 55 DAS (V10 to V14); SI15 = suppression intervals from 50 to 65 DAS (R1); and SI20 = suppression intervals from 65 to 80 DAS (R2 to R4)), with four replicates. The following variables were evaluated: unhusked ear mass, husked ear mass, 1000-grain mass, number of grains per row, ear diameter, ear length, and yield. Salt stress negatively affects unhusked and husked ear mass, number of grains per row and ear length. Suppression intervals SI10, SI15, and SI20 had a negative effect on unhusked and husked ear mass, number of grains per row, and ear length. Salt stress and suppression intervals SI10, SI15 and SI20 negatively affected maize performance in terms of 1000-grain mass and yield.

References

ALVARES, C. A. et al. Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22: 711-728, 2013.

AYERS, R. S.; WESTCOT, D. W. A qualidade da água na agricultura. Campina Grande, PB: UFPB. Tradução de GHEYI, H. R.; MEDEIROS, J. F.; DAMASCENO, F. A. V., 1999. 153 p. (Estudos FAO: Irrigação e Drenagem, 29 Revisado).

BOX, G. E. P.; COX, D. R. An analysis of transformations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 26: 211-252, 1964.

CAVALCANTE, E. S. et al. Supplemental irrigation with brackish water improves carbon assimilation and water use efficiency in maize under tropical dryland conditions. Agriculture, 12: 1-15, 2022.

CONAB - Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento. Acompanhamento de safra brasileira de grãos: abril de 2026. Available at:< http://www.conab.gov.br>. Access on: Apr. 27, 2026.

DJADJO, C. L. et al. Desempenho produtivo de diferentes híbridos de milho na região da Depressão Central - RS. Revista Observatorio de la Economía Latinoamericana, 23: 1-16, 2025.

FERNANDES, C. N. D. et al. Irrigation depth and silicate fertilisation in green maize. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 53: e20207517, 2022.

FERNANDES, V. L. B. Recomendações de adubação e calagem para o estado do Ceará. Fortaleza, CE: UFC, 1993. 248 p.

GOES, G. F. et al. Saline stress in maize grown in soil under different mulches. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, 18: e3126, 2023.

GOES, G. F. et al. Uso de cobertura morta e água salina na produtividade da cultura do milho. Irriga, 1: 730-738, 2021.

IQBAL, S. et al. The response of maize physiology under salinity stress and its coping strategies. Plant Stress Physiology, 22: e602, 2020.

JUNG, S.; HÜTSCH, B. W.; SCHUBERT, S. Salt stress reduces kernel number of corn by inhibiting plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 113: 198-207, 2017.

KANG, S. et al. Improving agricultural ware productivity to ensure food security in China under changing environment: From research to practice. Agricultural Water Management, 179: 5-17, 2017.

NOGUEIRA, D. B. et al. Integrating deficit irrigation and bacterial inoculation to mitigate water stress and enhance maize productivity in semiarid regions. Plants, 15: 1-25, 2026.

RAJASEKAR, M.; HUSSAINY, S. A.; KARTHIK, A. Effect of moisture deficit conditions on the performance of maize (Zea mays): A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8: 2603-2609, 2020.

RHOADES, J. D.et al. Uso de águas salinas para produção agrícola. Campina Grande, PB: UFPB. 2000, 117 p.

RODRIGUES, V. D. S. et al. Yield of maize crop irrigated with saline waters. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 24: 101-105, 2020.

SAH, R. P. et al. Impact of water deficit stress in maize: Phenology and yield components. Scientific Reports, 10: e2944, 2020.

SANTOS, H. G. et al. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. 5.ed. Brasília, DF: Embrapa Informação Tecnológica, 2018. 355 p.

SANTOS, T. T. et al. Discrimination of responses of corn genotypes to drought through physiological, growth, and yield traits. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 56: e01948, 2021.

SELEIMAN, M. F. et al. Drought stress impacts on plants and different approaches to alleviate its adverse effects. Plants, 10: 1-25, 2021.

SILVA, F. A. S.; AZEVEDO, C. A. V. The Assistat Software Version 7.7 and its use in the analysis of experimental data. Africa Journal and Agriculture Research, 11: 3733-3740, 2016.

SILVEIRA, E. S. et al. Caracterização de diferentes classes genéticas de milho cultivados em região semiárida quanto ao potencial forrageiro. Matéria, 26: e13102, 2021.

SONG, L.; JIN, J.; HE, J. Effects of severe water stress on maize growth processes in the field. Sustainability, 11: e5086, 2019.

SOUSA, G. G. et al. Emergency, initial growth and biomass of peanut genotypes irrigated with brackish waters. Water Resources and Irrigation Management, 13: 110-119, 2024.

SOUSA, G. G. et al. Saline water and nitrogen fertilization on leaf composition and yield of corn. Revista Caatinga, 35: 191-198, 2022.

SOUSA, H. C. et al. Bacillus aryabhattai Mitigates the Effects of Salt and Water Stress on the Agronomic Performance of Maize Under an Agroecological System. Agriculture, 13: e1150, 2023.

SOUZA, L. S. B. et al. Requerimento hídrico e coeficiente de cultura do milho e feijão-caupi em sistemas exclusivo e consorciado. Revista Caatinga, 28: 151-160, 2015.

SOUZA, M. V. P. et al. Cattle manure fertilizer and biostimulant Trichoderma application to mitigate salinity stress in green maize under an agroecological system in the Brazilian semiarid region. Plants, 14: 1-22, 2025.

ZHANG, Y. et al. Optimizing drip irrigation with alternate use of fresh and brackish waters by analyzing salt stress: The experimental and simulation approaches. Soil and Tillage Research, 219: 105355, 2022.

Downloads

Published

10-07-2026

Issue

Section

Scientific Article