Sistemas de preparo e plantas de cobertura sobre atributos do solo no Nordeste do Brasil

Autores

  • Jaelson Souza Araujo Department of Agronomic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-0427
  • Francisco Sandro Rodrigues Holanda Department of Agronomic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-6679
  • Luiz Diego Vidal Santos Department of Human Sciences and Philosophy, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8659-8557
  • Alceu Pedrotti Department of Agronomic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-8399
  • Aline de Almeida Vasconcelos Department of Agronomic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-1429
  • Adielson de Araujo Costa Department of Agronomic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3950-5068
  • Henrique Antônio Silva Department of Agronomic Engineering, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4410-0210
  • Emersson Guedes da Silva Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9742-6215

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252026v3913794rc

Palavras-chave:

Qualidade do solo. Cultivo convencional. Cultivo mínimo. Plantio direto. Carbono do solo.

Resumo

Experimentos de longa duração combinando sistemas de preparo e plantas de cobertura são essenciais para compreender a variação das propriedades físicas e químicas do solo sob diferentes condições ambientais, mas dados de Ultissolos tropicais brasileiros sob manejo conservacionista permanecem escassos. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos de preparo convencional (CT), preparo mínimo (MT) e plantio direto (NT), associados a diferentes plantas de cobertura, sobre propriedades físicas e químicas de um Typic Hapludult. O experimento, conduzido desde 2001 na Estação Experimental do Campus Rural da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, foi cultivado com milho (Zea mays) sob os três sistemas de preparo, cada um combinado com crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), milheto, feijão-guandu e feijão-caupi. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0,00–0,10 e 0,10–0,20 m. A densidade do solo na camada de 0,00–0,10 m foi significativamente maior sob NT do que nos demais sistemas, indicando consolidação superficial sob ausência de revolvimento. Os sistemas conservacionistas, particularmente MT e NT, apresentaram maiores teores de matéria orgânica do solo na camada superficial, e em ambas as camadas o NT resultou em teor de matéria orgânica significativamente superior ao CT e em estoques de carbono significativamente maiores que os observados sob CT e MT. Entre as coberturas avaliadas, a crotalária exibiu o maior potencial para incremento de matéria orgânica. Os resultados sugerem que sistemas conservacionistas, sobretudo quando integrados a leguminosas de cobertura, podem aumentar os estoques de carbono e contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de Ultissolos tropicais sob cultivo contínuo de milho.

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Publicado

02-06-2026

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Artigo Científico