PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN SUGARCANE UNDER RAINFED AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS

Sergio Castro-Nava; Marcos Rolando Herrera-Sepúlveda; Jose Manuel García-Girón

doi:10.1590/1983-21252020v33n429rc

Autores

Sergio Castro-Nava Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria, Tamaulipas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8759-001X
Marcos Rolando Herrera-Sepúlveda Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria, Tamaulipas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-1442
Jose Manuel García-Girón Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Victoria, Tamaulipas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-4479

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n429rc

Palavras-chave:

Saccharum officinarum L.. Nitrogênio. Doses de fertilizantes. Fotossíntese. Leituras SPAD. Cultivo de sequeiro.

Resumo

O nitrogênio é o elemento mais importante necessário para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas e é o nutriente primário que limita a produção de cana-de-açúcar. Experimentos de campo sob condições de sequeiro e alguns períodos com alta temperatura (acima de 35ºC) foram realizados durante 2014-2015 no município de Ocampo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o efeito de doses variadas de fertilizante nitrogenado na fotossíntese foliar, crescimento das plantas, clorofila total e qualidade do suco na variedade comercial de cana-de-açúcar (Mex 79-431) na segunda safra de soca. Foram testadas seis doses de nitrogênio (0, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 kg N ha^-1). Todo o nitrogênio foi aplicado como uréia 60 dias após a colheita no início da estação chuvosa. Os resultados do experimento indicaram que a aplicação de nitrogênio na cultura da soqueira teve um efeito positivo no crescimento e desenvolvimento. É importante notar que são necessários mais estudos sobre o momento da aplicação de nitrogênio, o método de aplicação, tipos de solo, outras doses e outros genótipos na região. Os níveis máximos de taxa fotossintética (27,68 µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1) foram atingidos a partir de 1500 µmol m^-2 s^-1 com 90 kg N ha^-1. O maior rendimento foi registrado na cultura da soqueira com uma dose de 120 kg N ha^-1. Na colheita, a qualidade do suco não apresentou variação significativa devido aos tratamentos impostos.

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